Glaciation Flashcards
What is the Glacial Budget?
Zone of Ablation - output greater than input, melting
Accumulation - input > output, advancing
What is a warm based glacier?
Temperature fluctuates between summer and winter. Basal sliding occurs and is generally found in temperate environments.
what is a cold based glacier?
With increasing depth, it will reach PMP, the base will be warmer. However, it remains frozen s base sliding will not occur. Generally found in polar regions.
What is internal Deformation?
When ice crystals are moved/side over each other as he result of glacial weight/gravity. Will slide in the direction of ice flow. Occurs in cold based glaciers.
What is extensional flow?
It causes thinning of surface and creates crevasses.
What is compressional flow?
Ice is thickened which can cause greater erosion.
What is Nivation?
The localised erosion of a slope, with solifluction and freeze thaw creating a Neve and eventually a Firn.
Erosional Landforms?
- Corries - Rouche Mountonee
- Arête - Hanging Valley
- Pyramidal Peak
Depositional Landform?
Drumlins
Case Study; ALASKA
Adaptations?
- Buildings elevated above ground
- Emergency 7 day plan, food for 40,000 (resilience)
- Emergency Batteries and Generators
- Utillidors (Alaskan Pipeline) (mitigation)
Case Study; ALASKA
Challenges?
- Short summer/ long winter
- Low productivity
- Remove areas
- Thawing
- Low temps
- Seasonal jobs
Case Study; ALASKA
Opportunities?
- Permafrost, act as a building base
- Abundant in minerals (economic prosperity)
- Oil/Gas, $14b to state economy
- Hydroelectric/ Geothermic power
- Tourism, 2 million tourist per year
- Fishing, employs 79 000 and contributes $2.2b to economy
Case Study; ALASKA
Threat of Climate Change?
NEWTOK, ANCHORAGE, ALSAKA
- Relocate, falling into river
- Move cost up to $130m
