Fluvioglacial Landscape

Question 1

What is a Fluvioglacial Landscape?

Answer 1

A landscape that has been influenced by a process relating to meltwater.

Question 2

Characteristics?

Answer 2

• Meltwater streams
• Deposits are stratified
• Landscape generally downstream of glacier

Question 3

What are the 5 meltwater channels?

Answer 3

1. Supra-glacial
2. Marginal
3. Sub-marginal
4. En-glacial
5. Sub-glacial

Question 4

What are the Depositional Landforms?

Answer 4

• Kame
• Kettle Hole
• Esker
• Varve
• Outwash Plain
  + Proglacial Lakes/ Overflow Channels

Question 5

What are Proglacial Lakes/Overflow Channels?

Answer 5

Proglacial lake is where ice melts and the glacier retreats. They will have overflow channels which can be steep sided gorge like channels. They are often left behind as dry valleys.

Question 6

What are Kames?

Answer 6

Mounds of sand and gravel, sorted and strafed material.
Kame Deta - small mound like hills on valley floor
Terrace - on the side of glacial valleys, from sub-marginal channels.

Question 7

What are Kettle Holes?

Answer 7

Small depressions found on outwash plains. They occur when ice blocks washed onto the plain, sediment is deposited, it then melts and creates depression.

Question 8

What is an Esker?

Answer 8

Long, sinuous ridges of sand and gravel which I stratified. It is made of Sub-glacial deposits. It can flow uphill due to hydrostatic pressure.

Question 9

What is Varve?

Answer 9

One years deposition of fluvioglacial material at the bottom of a proglacial lake. Sand layer will be formed in spring/ summer. Silt, finer layer will be formed in winter.

Question 10

What is an Outwash Plain?

Answer 10

Gently sloping area of sorted and stratified sand and gravel in front of a glacier. Will be seasonal and largest at the end of a glacial period.

Question 11

Case Study; NEWTONDALE

Answer 11

Now a gorge, was a former overflow channel. Water overflowed from Lake Pickering. The ice retreated and left the gorge which is 5km in length/

Question 12

Case Study; Course of the RIVER SEVERN

Answer 12

Preglaciation -> Flowed Northwards into Irish Sea and Bristol Channel
Last ice age -> North was blocked, a proglacial lake formed with overflow channels into the lower Severn, which created the Iron-bridge Gorge.
Deglaciation -> Ice retreats, favoured Southerly route as north was blocked.