Glaciated uplands Flashcards
What is abrasion
Type of erosion where rocks in the bottom of the glacier rub against the rocks underneath the glacier, with a sand papering effect.
What is plucking
When loose rock freezes to the sides of the glacier and is pulled away as the glacier shifts forwards
What is freeze thaw action
When ice melts at the base/sides of the glacier, and water gets into cracks in the rock. The water freezes and expands, forcing the cracks to open more. After many cycles, peices of rock will start to break off.
Describe the formation of a corrie
snow gathers in a natural hollow in a mountainside (usually north facing) and is compressed into ice. Through the processes of plucking, abrasion, and freeze thaw action, the hollow is eroded to be deeper and a lip is formed at the front because ice has a rotational movement. The glacier melts, and a loch is often left in the corrie, called a corrie loch or tarn
Name each of the glaciated features, and what they are
Arête- sharp ridge between two back to back corries
Pyramidal peak- a point at the top of a mountain where 3 or more are yes and corries meet
U-shaped valley- a v-shaped valley, eroded to have steep sides and a flat base. Often occupied by a misfit stream or ribbon lake.
How would each feature he identified on an OS map
Corrie-thumbnail shape
Arête- in between 2 corries, cliff face
Pyramidal Peak- 3+ corries and a small triangle
U-shaped valley-flag land, very steep sides, ribbon lake or buildings
What are the 6 main land uses in the Lake District
Forestry, water storage and supply, farming, recreation and tourism, renewable energy, industry
What types of farming take place in a glaciated upland landscape?
Mountains are too cold for crops to grow, and water washes soil down the steep hillside leaching nutrients, leaving it acidic and infertile, so crops are only grown on the flat valley floor where soil Is a higher quality. Also, mountainsides are too steep for machinery so crops can’t be easily harvested. Sheep are kept on the steepest parts of u-shaped valley sides, and cattle graze on valley floors. Diversification helps farmers earn more income
Where is most forestry
On the low, gentle slopes of a u shaped valley, where soils are better quality
What types of industry are there in glaciated uplands
Mostly quarrying, for slate used in toddling and repairing stone walls, granite for roads, and limestone for steelmaking
What types of recreational activities are available in the Lake District
Tourists visit for scenery and attractions. Easy access because it’s linked to many major roads and motorways. Water sports such as fishing, waterskiing, and boat trips on ribbon lakes. Skiing in corries in winter. Hill walking and rock climbing. Historical and cultural attractions.
Why is the Lake District good for storing and supplying water
It has impermeable rock which is suitable for making water reservoirs, it supplies water to all nearby towns and cities (such as Manchester)
How does the Lake District create renewable energy
Hydroelectric power- dams are put on hanging valleys or behind misfit streams to generate electricity
What are the main conflicts between tourists and farmers and how are they being resolved
Walkers leave gates open
- display “keep gate shut” signs
Dogs chase sheep
-park rangers encourage responsible tourism
Stone walls are damaged
-volunteer body’s (eg national trust) buy land to protect it and donate money to maintain walls
Farmers restrict access to walkers
-park rangers make compromises with other land users to redirect walkers
Noise pollution disturbs animals
-rangers educate public about the “outdoor access code”
Noise pollution disturbs animals
-speed limits set on lakes to reduce noise
What problems occur between tourists and locals and how are they being resolved
Increased litter
-bins are removed in hopes people will take litter home
Traffic congestion
-one way systems, pedestrianised areas, improved public transport
Foot path erosion
-stone paths are built, signs put up to redirect walkers to let grass regenerate, stone pitching to help paths blend in to landscape
Noise and air pollution from traffic
-improved rail and bus services
Second home owners make property too expensive for locals, and services close down
-weekly vans provide services
