Glacial Landscapes

Question 1

When was the last ice age?

Answer 1

20000 years ago.

Question 2

What is Plucking?

Answer 2

The breaking of bits of rock off the mountain face and making the back wall of the glacier steeper.

Question 3

What are unsorted rock mixtures called?

Answer 3

Till.

Question 4

What is outwash?

Answer 4

Material washed away by meltwater streams.

Question 5

What is the order of freeze-thaw weathering?

Answer 5

• water fills in rocks, freezes and expands, putting pressure on the rock.
• this is repeated and gradually wears down rock
• this causes cracks to widen

Question 6

When does abrasion happen?

Answer 6

When pieces of the rock scrape against rock at the base of the glacier.

Question 7

How do glaciers move?

Answer 7

• rotational slip: circular motion erodes out hollows, which get deeper over time.
• bulldozing: rock and debris are pushed downhill in a straight line.

Question 8

What are glaciers?

Answer 8

Large ice masses that fill valleys and hollows.

Question 9

How are Arêtes formed?

Answer 9

When narrow, steep ridges that form two glaciers flowing in parallel valleys erode their sides of the valley.

Question 10

How much corries are at least needed to form a pyramidal peak?

Answer 10

3.

Question 11

What are ribbon lakes?

Answer 11

Very thin and long lakes that are formed in the hollows in glacial troughs when glaciers retreat.

Question 12

How are hanging valleys created?

Answer 12

By small glaciers that join up with the main glacier.

The small glacier erodes less powerfully so its valley is shallower.

Question 13

How are tarns created?

Answer 13

They are left behind in corries when glaciers melt.

Question 14

What are corries?

Answer 14

Steep hollows with a lip at the bottom. Shaped like armchairs, which are formed by a rotation slip of small glaciers.

Question 15

What are lateral moraines?

Answer 15

Material found at the edges of glaciers.

Question 16

What is a drumlin?

Answer 16

A mound of deposited glacial material.

Question 17

What are moraines?

Answer 17

Any material transported by a glacier. This may include rocks amongst other materials.

Question 18

What type of farming takes place in glaciated areas of the UK?

Answer 18

Pastoral farming.

Question 19

Why is forestry important in glaciated areas?

Answer 19

It creates jobs opportunities and provides materials such as wood.

Question 20

List the uses of glaciated areas.

Answer 20

Forestry
Farming
Quarrying
Tourism

Question 21

What social impacts has tourism brought to glaciated areas?

Answer 21

Large traffic jams are caused due to the large influx of people.
Souvenir and Gift shops replace local greengrocers and bakers.

Question 22

How does tourism impact the environment of glaciated areas?

Answer 22

• footpaths are eroded by walkers,, creating landscape scars/ litter / noise pollution
• animal habitat is disturbed

Question 23

What are the economic impacts of tourism in glaciated areas?

Answer 23

Tourism becomes dominant in the working field.
Jobs are seasonal and don’t pay well.
Demand for holiday homes are driven up.
The rise of property prices forces locals to move due to the increased cost of living.

Question 24

What measures can be taken to protect wildlife and farmland?

Answer 24

• rubbish bins
• reminders and fines for littering
• encourage responsible enjoyment

Question 25

What has resulted because of farming in glaciated areas?

Answer 25

Deforestation for farming space -> less tree roots attached to the ground and therefore more surface runoff -> higher risk of flooding

Question 26

What measures can be take to manage traffic congestion at glacial tourist attractions?

Answer 26

• public transport (buses and trains)
• widening roads and passing places
• eco-friendly modes of transport (e.g cycling)