Glacial Landscapes Flashcards
When was the last ice age?
20000 years ago.
What is Plucking?
The breaking of bits of rock off the mountain face and making the back wall of the glacier steeper.
What are unsorted rock mixtures called?
Till.
What is outwash?
Material washed away by meltwater streams.
What is the order of freeze-thaw weathering?
- water fills in rocks, freezes and expands, putting pressure on the rock.
- this is repeated and gradually wears down rock
- this causes cracks to widen
When does abrasion happen?
When pieces of the rock scrape against rock at the base of the glacier.
How do glaciers move?
- rotational slip: circular motion erodes out hollows, which get deeper over time.
- bulldozing: rock and debris are pushed downhill in a straight line.
What are glaciers?
Large ice masses that fill valleys and hollows.
How are Arêtes formed?
When narrow, steep ridges that form two glaciers flowing in parallel valleys erode their sides of the valley.
How much corries are at least needed to form a pyramidal peak?
3.
What are ribbon lakes?
Very thin and long lakes that are formed in the hollows in glacial troughs when glaciers retreat.
How are hanging valleys created?
By small glaciers that join up with the main glacier.
The small glacier erodes less powerfully so its valley is shallower.
How are tarns created?
They are left behind in corries when glaciers melt.
What are corries?
Steep hollows with a lip at the bottom. Shaped like armchairs, which are formed by a rotation slip of small glaciers.
What are lateral moraines?
Material found at the edges of glaciers.
What is a drumlin?
A mound of deposited glacial material.
What are moraines?
Any material transported by a glacier. This may include rocks amongst other materials.
What type of farming takes place in glaciated areas of the UK?
Pastoral farming.
Why is forestry important in glaciated areas?
It creates jobs opportunities and provides materials such as wood.
List the uses of glaciated areas.
Forestry
Farming
Quarrying
Tourism
What social impacts has tourism brought to glaciated areas?
Large traffic jams are caused due to the large influx of people.
Souvenir and Gift shops replace local greengrocers and bakers.
How does tourism impact the environment of glaciated areas?
- footpaths are eroded by walkers,, creating landscape scars/ litter / noise pollution
- animal habitat is disturbed
What are the economic impacts of tourism in glaciated areas?
Tourism becomes dominant in the working field.
Jobs are seasonal and don’t pay well.
Demand for holiday homes are driven up.
The rise of property prices forces locals to move due to the increased cost of living.
What measures can be taken to protect wildlife and farmland?
- rubbish bins
- reminders and fines for littering
- encourage responsible enjoyment
What has resulted because of farming in glaciated areas?
Deforestation for farming space -> less tree roots attached to the ground and therefore more surface runoff -> higher risk of flooding
What measures can be take to manage traffic congestion at glacial tourist attractions?
- public transport (buses and trains)
- widening roads and passing places
- eco-friendly modes of transport (e.g cycling)
