G.L. Suyuan Li - Biofeedback

Question 1

What were the two cases of biofeedback mentioned?

Answer 1

Heart rate variability and EMG biofeedback for people with migraines

Question 2

How was HR variability measured in dancers?

Answer 2

Measured numerically, seeing how their breathing was doing as they exercised, and they were asked to try and control it

Question 3

How was EMG variability measured in people with migraines?

Answer 3

visual + audio feedback showed the degree of muscle tension in traps (higher pitch, more tension, etc).

Question 4

in EMG, what were patients asked to do

Answer 4

Control the tension in their muscle –> eventually alleviate head pain

Question 5

What were 3 commonalities of these 2 e.g. ?

Answer 5

1. Both drew associations between X (the independent factor) to Y (the wanted result)
2. Both look at involuntary movement
3. Both look at paying ATTENTIOn to one’s body

Question 6

What IS biofeedback?

Answer 6

A technique that trains people to develop control over bodily processes that are typically involuntary or difficult to observe.

Question 7

True or false : speech is involuntary

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the tool involved in acoustic biofeedback? What does it do?

Answer 8

staRt; looks at the movement of air molecules –> waves

Question 9

What is the tool involved in visual biofeedback?

Answer 9

ultrasound

Question 10

What do we see in an ultrasound?

Answer 10

We see how the tongue surface retracts depending on sounds; shows the structural patterning in our speech

Question 11

Whats the benefit of an ultrasound? What are limitations? (3)

Answer 11

We can correct speech via the tongue surface –> practicing control of the tongue

1. cannot see HARD structures
2. Not very accessible
3. Expensive

Question 12

What is the limitation of the staRT tool?

Answer 12

Arbitrary, we all pronounce sounds slightly differently –> results ≠

Question 13

What are the benefits of acoustic biofeedback (4) and limitations (2)

Answer 13

1. Developing control over variety of sounds :
   a. Pronounciation of ‘r’
   b. Contrasting sounds
   c. adjusting vowels
   d. Pitch control
2. a. Takes time to learn it
   b. Target is ARBITRARY

Question 14

Where is electropalatography centered in the mouth?

Answer 14

Looks at the hard palate and tongue through sensors

Question 15

Whats a limitation for electro…

Answer 15

Has to be customized, so not easily accessible