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LING 209 Midterm 2 > G. L. Phoebe Wong _ Audiology in Context > Flashcards

G. L. Phoebe Wong _ Audiology in Context Flashcards

1
Q

What is sound?

A

Sound refers to vibrations that travel through a medium, usually air (can also be water)

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2
Q

True or false : sound is a physical entity

A

True

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3
Q

Frequency refers to ____ and level refers to ____

A

Pitch; loudness/volume

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4
Q

How is level measured?

A

Level is measured in DECIBELS or dB

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5
Q

Define what sensation is (hint : ears)

A

Sensation here refers to the concept of hearing with our ears

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6
Q

Define what perception is

A

Here, perception refers to how we interpret information, otherwise known as “listening with our brain”

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7
Q

Describe the process of sound from waves to sound

A

(outer ear) Pinna –> ear canal –> (middle ear) eardum –> ossicles (3 smallest bones) –> (inner ear) cochlea –> outer hair cells –> auditory nerve –> auditory cortex

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8
Q

What is the difference between these two hearing assessments : otoscopy vs tympanometry

A
  1. Otoscopy - OUTER ear + eardrum test
  2. Tympanometry - OUTER ear + MIDDLE ear test
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9
Q

Tympanometry - what is used? what does it DO?

A

An EARPLUG with an air pump is used; it measures the movement of an eardrum

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10
Q

What are OAEs?

A

Otoacoustic emissions

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11
Q

How are OAEs conducted? What is their purpose?__

A
  1. OAEs, similar to tympanometry, are conducted with an EARPLUG playing SOUND
  2. Looks to test the function (how good) our outer hair cells are
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12
Q

OHCs make loud sounds ______ and quiet sounds _____

A

quieter, louder

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13
Q

If OAEs aren’t present, what does that mean for our ears?

A

Because OAEs make our ears ‘dance’, the absence of it means that there is damage in the outer, middle and inner ear.

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14
Q

True or false : OAES aren’t able to be tested on newborns.

A

False, they can be tested.

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15
Q

In audiometry, what are ‘thresholds’

A

Thresholds refer to the QUIETEST sounds heard at individual frequencies

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16
Q

What is the standard test in audiometry? Who can participate in this test?

A

Older kids and adults raise their hands whenever they hear a sound.

17
Q

Describe the process of visual reinforcement audiometry and WHO it is for?

A

It is for babies, and it trains them to expect + turn their head to a lit up screen WHEN a sound comes on.

18
Q

What are the 3 types of hearing loss? (CSM)

A

Conductive, sensorineural and mixed

19
Q

Where does conductive hearing loss happen? Permanent or temporary? What is affected?

A

In the outer and middle ear; it is usually temporary or modified with surgery; loudness is affected

20
Q

Where does sensorineural hearing loss happen? Permanent or temporary? What is affected?

A

In the inner ear and nerve, usually permanent (not fixable); clarity AND loudness are affected

21
Q

Where does mixed hearing loss happen? Permanent or temporary? What is affected?

A

Outer/middle ear + inner ear (or nerve); is mixed so can be both; can be both

22
Q

What is the difference between hard of hearing and deaf

A

Hard of hearing refers to the ability to hear some speech without devices and deaf means that you are unable to hear any speech without devices

23
Q

What are the four levels of hearing that a hard of hearing individual might fit into?

A

Slight, mild, moderate, moderately severe

24
Q

Provide 3 good examples of factors that are effects of hearing loss.

A
  1. Difficulty with frequencies
  2. The ‘listening situation’ - distance from speaker is challenging’
  3. Difficulty hearing the talker + their speech patterns
  4. SES and emo. support
  5. Cog difficulties
25
Q

True or false : hearing loss is categorical, we can determine it these days practically to a T

A

False, hearing loss varies a lot at different freq.

26
Q

What is the numerical range of hearing loss?

A

0-1.0 or 0-100

27
Q

In speech audiometry, what do SRT and SAT stand for? (hint : they are tests)

A

speech reception threshold and speech reception threshold

28
Q

What is the difference in the results of SRT and SAT

A

In SRT, patients much hear and be able to repeat the word given to them, but in SAT, they only have to react to it.

29
Q

What is the difference in the response and results of word and sentence recog. score (WRS vs SRS)

A
  1. Response : pointing to pictures OR repeating words VS only repeating sentences
  2. WRS looks at the % of indiv. words answered correctly, SRS looks at whole sentences
30
Q

Identify 3 common ways that hearing challenges are managed

A
  1. Surgery - for devices or outer/middle ear hearing loss
  2. Medication
  3. Rehab (SLP, AUD, teachers)
31
Q

True or false : Air conduction hearing aids are the most common form.

A

True

32
Q

True or false : air conduction hearing aids are good across the board - they can really help people from mild –> severe loss

A

False, severe/profound hearing loss is usually too much for this one.

33
Q

What are the limitations of bone conduction hearing aids

A
  1. Clarity of the sound compared to other devices
  2. High freq difficulties
  3. More difficult to verify information
34
Q

What is the required candidacy for a cochlear implant?

A

Inner ear isn’t working and loss is worse, cannot use other hearing aids

35
Q

Provide 2 limitations for cochlear implants.

A
  1. Poorer sound quality than others.
  2. The nerve MUST be present for it to work
  3. Large external processor
36
Q

What are brainstem implants? Who is a candidate?

A

They are electrodes on cochlear nucleus in medulla; usually someone without the nerve

37
Q

True or false : the CNS doesn’t HAVE to be functional to have a brainstem implant

A

False

38
Q

True or false : Inuktut represents only certain varieties of Inuit languages in Canada

A

False, all Inuit languages

39
Q

True or false : In the context of treatment of patients, race is a risk factor

A

False

LING 209 Midterm 2 (9 decks)

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