GK Flashcards
Fuel System
Fuel tank Gascolator Dukes fuel pump or bypass Fuel shutoff valve Engine driven pump (& swirl chamber) Throttle body Fuel distribution manifold Fuel injector nozzles Engine cylinders
24.0 gal
6 gal/hr burn rate
Day=+30, night=+45
6lbs/gal, 100LL (blue color)
Night ops aircraft lighting
Position lights: Red on left wing tip; green on right wing tip; white on tail
Anti-collision lights: Flashing or rotating beacon and position lights
Strobe lights: On wingtips; flash from takeoff to landing
VOR/GPS Navigstion
GPS uses satellite
VOR uses signal from station
Oil system
Wet oil sump Engine driven oil pump Oil filter Vernatherm or bypass to oil cooler Engine accessories (crank, rod, piston, bearing) Cylinders & components
Cleaning, cooling, reduce friction
Lost procedures
Climb: See land marks or gain GPS/VOR signal Conserve: Save fuel: 73 kts flaps cruise Confess: SOF, ATC, FSS
Wind shear
A sudden drastic change in wind speed and or direction over a very small area. Windshear can subject and aircraft a violent updrafts and downdrafts low level associated with passing frontal systems thunderstorms and temperatures with strong upper-level winds (greater than 25 kn)
Clock to map to ground method
Navigate by looking at the clock then to the map then to the ground and adjust accordingly.
METAR
An aviation routine weather report that is an observation of current surface weather report in a standard international format.
Provide info on current conditions for specific airport out to a radius of five statute miles reported in the vicinity is between 5 to 10 miles and reporting station.
ATC clearances & Instructions
ATC clearance-authorization to proceed under specific traffic conditions and controlled airspace
No pilot in command may deviate from that clearance unless:
- Amended clearance is obtained
- Emergency exists
- Deviation is in response to a traffic alert & collision avoidance system resolution advisory
ATC clearances are not authorization to deviate from the rules.
Pitot Static System
Pitot static probe Airspeed indicator (p/s) Altimeter (s) Vertical speed indicator (s) Blind altitude encoder (s) Mode C transponder (s) HOBBS meter (s)
TAF
Always produced by a human forecaster. TAF locations are far fewer than METAR locations. Established for the 5 statue mile radius around the airport.
DA20 glide performance
11:1 glide ratio
1.8 for 1000 ft of altitude
Add 1/2 of any headwind component to your airspeed.
Subtract 1/4 of tailwind component to your airspeed
Retracting the flaps from LDG to T/O or CRUISE at low altitudes is not recommended b/c it can cause rapid & unexpected sink.
Traffic pattern procedures
Civilian vs military pattern
3000 ft lateral spacing min TPA is from 600 ft to 1500 ft AGL
L pattern is standard
Closed turn criteria:
1) beyond the departure end of the runway
2) after climb checklist
3) within 300 ft of the traffic pattern altitude
4) traffic spacing is sufficient
Wake turbulence avoidance
3 min: large/heavy
2 min: small-plus
1 min: small helicopters
300ft: large rotary wing aircraft
200ft: small-plus helicopters
100ft : small helicopters
Night ops airport lighting
Visual glideslope indicators:
Visual approach slope indicator
Precision approach path indicator
Airport beacons:
Civilian land-alternate white & green
Civilian water-alternate white & yellow
Military-alternate two white one green
Runway lighting:
White lights on the edges of the runway; green on; red on it
Taxiway lighting:
Blue lights on edge of taxiway
Green lights on center
MOAs
Airspace of defined vertical and lateral limits established for the purpose of separating military training activity from IFR traffic. No VFR restriction in MOAs. Exercise extreme caution
Prohibited Areas
Areas established for security or other reasons associated with the national welfare. Aircraft are forbidden to enter prohibited areas. Depicted on aeronautical charts and are published in the Federal Register.
Pilotage, map reading
Pilotage: navigating by reference to visible landmarks
Maps:
sectional aeronautical chart-most common
Terminal area chart-2x more detailed than sectional
World aeronautical chart
Dead reckoning
Computations of direction and distance from a known position.
Calculations based on speed elapsed time and wind.
Restricted areas
Areas denote the existence of unusual, often invisible hazards to aircraft such as artillery firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles. Depicted in aeronautical charts & are published in the federal register.
ELP procedures
Flying a proper ELP helps ensure that an aircraft with an engine failure is able to complete the approach & landing without overshooting is under shooting the desired touchdown zone. Precautionary emergency landings (engine failure likely) & a forced landings (engine failure) both require the use of ELP to ensure proper energy management during the approach.
Trim
Electronic motor that applies a load to a spring on the push rod
Adverse yaw
The natural, undesirable tendency of the aircraft to yaw in the direction opposite of a turn. It has two main causes:
1: the up wing in the turn has the aileron down, which changes the chamber of the wing to create more lift & therefore more induced drag
2: the up wing’s lift vector is pointed slightly forwards. Both of these cause adverse yaw. Adverse yaw only occurs when the ailerons are deflected (beginning of turn)
Instrument flight
Control+performance instruments
Control-tachometer and; attitude indicator
Performance-all others (cdi, turn coordinator, airspeed, heading, altimeter, vsi)
Electrical system
Battery/alternator Electrical wiring Electrical bus Circuit breakers Electrical equipment (avionics, trim system, lighting, instruments, etc) Gen:14V, 40 amps Batt: 12v, 20 amps 50 amp circuit breakers DC electrical system
Ignition system
Ignition switch
Magnetos
Ignition leads
Spark plugs
Pneumatic system
Air intakes
AIR filter:scat tubes
Throttle body
Alternate air valve
Cabin heat
Air intake
Exhaust muffler shroud
Cabin heat ON/OFF switch
Cabin
Brake system
Brake fluid hydraulic reservoirs
Brake lines
Parking break mechanism
Disc brakes
Diversion
- Determine whether diversion is practical considering weather, airfield status, & fuel remaining
- Notify SOF as soon as possible
- Intercept the most direct route to the diversion airfield that is practical & safe
- Advise ATC, Tiger Traffic, or CTAF as required to deconflict non-standard routes and/or altitudes
- To maximize range with available fuel, fly 73 flaps cruise
Diversion table in pink pages
DA20 warning lights
GEN-generator failure, no output from the generator
CANOPY-canopy locking warning light, canopy is not locked properly
EPU-external power warning light, indicates that power is available at the receptacle or that the EPU relay has remained closed following disconnect
START-start annunciator light, the starter relay closes, means starter didn’t engage
Night operations obstruction lighting
Flashing red-hazard to flight navigation
Steady red-obstructions on/near airport
Flashing white-structures that support power lines across chasms or gorges, bridges, top of tall buildings, smokestacks
IO-240-B
Fuel (I)njected, horizontally (O)pposed, 239.8 cubic in of displacement, B means alternator at front of engine, 125 hp @2800 RPM, 4 cylinders, 8 spark plugs
Military Training Routes
IR-above 1500 AGL, instrument
VR-below 1500 AGL, visual
Minimum safe altitudes
500 ft above the altitude written on the chart. Blocks are 30min/30min
Emergency landing site selection
Factors:
Wind- headwind vs tailwind
Slope- uphill vs downhill
Surface Type- smooth vs rough; hard vs soft; dry vs wet
Touchdown Zone- sufficient length & free of hazards [powerlines, towers, trees, creek beds, ditches, fences, etc])
Emergency communications
Squawk 7700
Contact ATC on known frequency (or 121.5 MHz)
Contact SOF
Change call sign to “Tiger __ Emergency”
Winds aloft and drift correction
Winds aloft-wind 2000ft above ground level is 20-40 degrees to the right of surface winds & the wind speed is greater
Drift correction-steepest bank angle when ground speed is fastest
Unusual attitude recovery
Nose high
Throttle -full
Bank-to horizon
Pitch-level
Nose low
Throttle-idle
Wings-level & pull up
Ground reference maneuvers
Shallow bank into wind, steepen with wind
