Give reason

Question 1

Give reason there is non cardiogenic pulmonary edema in morphine poisoning

Answer 1

Depression cough reflex in Morphine, so secretions accumilate

Question 2

Give a poison that treats a poison

Answer 2

Ethanol treats methanol

Question 3

Clinical picture of phenol

Answer 3

CNS: constricted pupil
CVS: arrythmia
Kidney: green urine

Question 4

Give 2 types of shock caused by inorganic corrosives

Answer 4

Pain——Neurogenic shock
Vomiting——Hypovolemic shock

Question 5

Give the role milk in corrosives

Answer 5

Inorganic: demulsant

Organic: phenol coagulate its protein instead

Question 6

Give reason acute opioid toxicity is associated with severe hypoxia

Answer 6

Due to respiratory depression in respiratory center in brain

Slow respiration (respiratory depression)

Circulatory collapse due to depression in vasomotor center in brain

Question 7

Give reason Cobra snake bites cause bulbar palsy

Answer 7

Competitive antagonist of ACh at neuromuscular junction and produces neuromuscular paralysis and bulbar palsy

Question 8

Give reason Acute opioid toxicity may cause non cardiogenic pulmonary edema

Answer 8

Due to respiratory center inhibition causing hypoxia and causing capillary permeability and leakage

Question 9

Compare between the remote effects of viper and cobra snake poisoning

Answer 9

Question 10

Explain the mechanism of which botulism acts as a food poisoning

Answer 10

Binds to presynaptic receptors - >Block acetylcholine receptors - >progressive descending bulbar and skeletal paralysis

Question 11

3 benefits of hyperbaric O2 chamber

Answer 11

1) Accelerate Dissociation of CO from COHb and Cytochrome oxidase

2) Reduces half-life of CO

3) Enhances O2 transport to tissues by plasma

Question 12

6 characteristics of ethyl alcohol toxicity coma

Answer 12

Tachycardia
Hypotension
Slow shallow breathing
Alchohol smell on mouth
Low body temp
Constricted pupil
Pale moist skin

Question 13

Summarize CSN manifestations of hasheesh consumption

Answer 13

1) Euphoria then dysphoria

2) Hallucinations(visual, auditory and sexual)

3) Enhancement of special senses(increases perception of music, colors and patterns)

4) Disorientation of Time, distance and body image

Question 14

Organophosphorus poisoning cause and treatment

Answer 14

Organophosphates inhibit cholinesterase–> accumulation of acc—-> stimulation then depression of muscarinic, nicotinic and CNS.

1) Atropine: Antagonize Muscarinic receptors ONLY
2) Oximes: Antagonize BOTH Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors and act as cholinesterase reactivators

Question 15

MOA of AIP

Answer 15

AIP releases phosphine gas in the presence of HCl in the stomach, which is rapidly absorbed thru GIT causing systemic toxic effects

Question 16

3 uses of NaHCO3

Answer 16

1) Alkalization of urine for elimination of acidic drugs eg. salicylates

2) Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis

3) Antidote for Tricyclic Antidepressants

Question 17

Cholinesterase plays and important role in diagnosis of organophosphorus poisoning

Answer 17

25% Depression in Cholinesterase level in the blood indicate Organophosphate poisoning

Question 18

DD between atropine and alcohol

Answer 18