GIT Review Flashcards
What’s Hirschsprung disease
Aganglionic segment w Proximal distension
Mediastinitis from GIT infection…
Perforating Esophagus
What’s Mallory-Weiss tear
Tear at the Gastro-Esophageal Junction due to vomitting, violent coughing
Pathological Pathway to Adenocarcinoma of Esophagus
Decrease in LES tone/ Hiatus Hernia/ Delayed gastric emptying
- GERD
- Reflux Esophagitis - Barrett’s Esophagus which is intestinal metaplasia from squamous - AC
Esophagus AC vs SCC
Location, Risk Factors
Location: mid vs lower
Risk factors: Smoking, Alc VS Barrett’s
Does H.Pylori give acute gastritis?
no. Causes Chronic Gastritis
What is PUD and what can cause it
PUD is ulcer at Lower Eso, Stomach, Duodenum
- H.Pylori (even at duodenum)
- NSAIDs
Cancer caused by H.Pylori and why
Gastric Lymphomas
- due to B cell proliferation
Gastric Carcinoma of diffuse type presentation and features
- whats the other one?
Linitis Plastica - erythematous, cobblestone appearance
Signet ring
- other one is intestinal type metaplasia
Villi atropy, mucosa flattening
Feature of which of the following:
Crohn, PMC, IBD, Celiac
Celiac
Crypt hyperplasia, Chronic inflammation
Feature of which of the following:
Crohn, PMC, IBD, Celiac
Celiac
Crypt hyperplasia denotes elongation of the length of the crypts of Lieberkühn, a process that initially precedes villous atrophy.
Crypt Abscess
Feature of which of the following:
Crohn, PMC, IBD, Celiac
A crypt abscess is a collection of specialized immune cells called neutrophils inside the colon. It is an example of acute inflammation and is often seen in a condition called active colitis.
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Crohns + UC
How does Celiac lead to Anaemia
Small intestine villi damage
Fibrinopurulent Debris attached to mucosa
Feature of which of the following:
Crohn, PMC, IBD, Celiac
PMC
Crohn vs UC
Crohn Transmural, Fistula involvement Discontinuous mucosa Granuloma Ileal involvment
UC
- Crypt Abscess (think both can, more UC), Pseudopolyps
The typical histological (microscopic) lesion of ulcerative colitis is the crypt abscess, in which the epithelium of the crypt breaks down and the lumen fills with polymorphonuclear cells. The lamina propria is infiltrated with leukocytes
- Systemic - polyarthritis, PSC
