GIT Medicine Flashcards
Pytalism
Excess production of saliva
Pseudoptyalism
Unable to, or in too much pain to swallow saliva
Halitosis
Abnormal proliferation of bacteria secondary to tissue necrosis, tartar, peridontits or retention of food
Eating odoriferous food and faeces
GIT Ulcers
Increased risk with NSAIDs or corticosteroids, stress, inflammatory diseases, mucosal blood supply issues etc.
Can lead to blood vessel erosion, peritionisis etc.
Haematememsis
Blood in the vomit
Often due to primary GIT lesions such as neoplasias, ulcers, etc.
Melanea
Dark, tarry blood in faeces due to swallowed blood, diet, or GI bleeding
GDV
Common in large, deep-chested dogs
Dilation first from rapid eating, aerophagia, bacterial gas production or postprandial excerise
Rotation of the stomach, hypoxia of gastric wall, respiratory issues, splenic torsion, infraction or rupture
Dilated stomach compresses the vena cava
Constipation
Usually fibre realted or from megacolon in cats
Intestinal obstructions
Consequence of GI obstruction
Causes loss of electrolytes, mucosal wall damage, performation, strangulation or volvulus
Colic
Mainfestation of abomdinal pain
Can be GI assocaited or not
Diagnostic approach = signalment, history, physical exam (including rectal, NG intubation, abdominocentesis), clin path and imaging
Surgical intervention = needed if there is no/little response to analgesia, net reflux after NG, abnormal peritoneal fluid, distended SI on rectal exam or imaging
Illeus
Inhibition of propulsive bowel activity - in horses most commonly associated with dysmotlity in the SI after surgery
Pathophysiology:
1. inflammation
2. Pharmacological alteration
3. Neural reflexes
4. Distension
5. Endotoxins
squamous mucosal injury
Increased exposure of the stratified squamous mucosa to gastric acid
glandular mucosal injury
breakdown of protective mechanisms, that under normal circumstances protect the glandular mucosa from acidic gastric contents
