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surgery > GIT > Flashcards

GIT Flashcards

1
Q

obturator sign

A

PAIN IN INTERNAL ROTATION IN FLEXED RIGHT THIGH (ACUTE APPENDICITIS)

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2
Q

psoas sign

A

pain in extension of right thigh in acute appendicitis

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3
Q

rovsing sign

A

Rovsing sign is pain referred to the right lower quadrant when the left lower quadrant is palpated.

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4
Q

Sherren’s triangle

A

is an area of skin hyperaesthesia found in acute appendicitis.

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5
Q

Ochsner–Sherren regimen

A 
appendicular mass treatment 
Conservative treatment (Ochsner–Sherren regimen) comprises hospitalization, intravenous fluids, antibiotics, analgesics and a strict watch on the vitals and general state of the patient. In 90-80% of the patients, the mass resolves without complications.
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6
Q

gridiron incision

A

used in appendicectomy

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7
Q

string sign

A

The gastrointestinal string sign represents a severe narrowing of loop of bowel, in which a thin stripe of contrast within the lumen looks like a string. in chps

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8
Q

Ramstedt’s procedure

A

A Pyloromyotomy or Ramstedt’s procedure is where the muscle of the pylorus (at the end of the stomach) is divided to allow normal stomach emptying. in chps

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9
Q

linitis plastica

A

Linitis plastica is a type of adenocarcinoma and accounts for 3-19% of gastric adenocarcinomas.

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10
Q

PULMMER SHELF

A

is a finding felt in rectal examination that indicates that a tumor has metastasized to the pouch of Douglas

SPREAD IN STOMACH CARCINOMA

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11
Q

krukenberg tumor

A

refers to a malignancy in the ovary that metastasized from a primary site, classically the gastrointestinal tract, although it can arise in other tissues such as the breast. Gastric adenocarcinoma, especially at the pylorus, is the most common source.

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12
Q

The Trousseau sign

A

The Trousseau sign of malignancy or Trousseau’s syndrome is a medical sign involving episodes of vessel inflammation due to blood clot (thrombophlebitis) which are recurrent or appearing in different locations over time (thrombophlebitis migrans or migratory thrombophlebitis).

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13
Q

Troisier sign

A

Troisier sign is the clinical finding of a hard and enlarged left supraclavicular node (Virchow node), and is considered a sign of metastatic abdominal malignancy

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14
Q

The Carman meniscus sign

A

The Carman meniscus sign describes the lenticular shape of barium in cases of large and flat gastric ulcers, in which the inner margin is convex toward the lumen.

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15
Q

celestin tube

A

a plastic tube introduced through a tumor in the esophagus; it permits swallowing of certain substances.

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16
Q

Skirrow’s medium

A

medium for h.pylori

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17
Q

heineke mikulicz

A

pyloroplasty

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18
Q

the crow foot اللي هو مش لازم نعمل معاه عملية تفضي المعدة

A

proximal gastric vagotomy

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19
Q

facies Hippocratica

A

The Hippocratic face (Latin: facies Hippocratica) is the change produced in the face by impending death or long illness, excessive evacuations, excessive hunger, and the like.

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20
Q

Graham patch

A

A Graham patch is a surgical technique that is used to close duodenal perforations. A piece of omentum is used to cover the perforation. This patch is typically used for holes with a size of 5mm or less.

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21
Q

kasai operation

A

Hepatoportoenterostomy

in congenital cbd atresia

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22
Q

klatskin tumor

A

Klatskin tumors are are a type of cholangiocarcinoma that begins in an area called the hilum, where the left and right bile ducts join and leave the liver. It is the most common type of cholangiocarcinoma, accounting for more than half of all cases.[1][2][3][4] Symptoms usually don’t present until advanced stages of disease, when jaundice is the most common feature.

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23
Q

Courvoisier’s law

A

Courvoisier’s law (or Courvoisier syndrome, or Courvoisier’s sign or Courvoisier-Terrier’s sign) states that in the presence of a palpably enlarged gallbladder which is non-tender and accompanied with mild painless jaundice, the cause is unlikely to be gallstones.

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24
Q

biligrafin dye

A

dye used in intravenous cholangiography

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25
Q

talapeque

A

tabletes used in oral cholangocystography

26
Q

saint triad

A

Saint’s triad is the concurrence of
hiatus hernia
chronic calcular cholecystitis
colonic diverticulosis.

27
Q

wilkie syndrome

A

chronic peptic ulcer
chronic appendicitis
chronic calcular cholecyctitis

28
Q

mirizzi syndrome

A

Mirizzi syndrome is defined as common hepatic duct obstruction caused by extrinsic compression from an impacted stone in the cystic duct or infundibulum of the gallbladder

29
Q

Hartmann pouch

A

Hartmann pouch - a spheroid or conical pouch at the junction of the neck of the gallbladder and the cystic duct.

30
Q

Porcelain gallbladder

A

Porcelain gallbladder is a calcification of the gallbladder believed to be brought on by excessive gallstones, although the exact cause is not clear.

31
Q

Charcot’s cholangitis triad

A

Charcot’s cholangitis triad is the combination of jaundice; fever, usually with rigors; and right upper quadrant abdominal pain.

32
Q

reynold pentad

A

is a collection of signs and symptoms suggesting the diagnosis obstructive ascending cholangitis, a serious infection of the biliary system. It is a combination of Charcot’s triad (right upper quadrant pain, jaundice, and fever) with shock (low blood pressure, tachycardia) and an altered mental status.

33
Q

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

A

is a rare type of cancer that begins in the white blood cells. If you have Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, your bone marrow produces too many abnormal white blood cells that crowd out healthy blood cells.
واحد من الاسباب اللي بتكبر السبيلين

34
Q

Felty Syndrome

A 
Components of Felty Syndrome can be remembered by the mnemonic: SANTA
S – Splenomegaly
A – Anemia
N – Neutropenia
T – Thrombocytopenia
A – Arthritis (Rheumatoid)
35
Q

Gaucher disease

A

Gaucher disease is a genetic disorder where fat-laden Gaucher cells build up in areas like the spleen, liver and bone marrow. A person will get Gaucher Disease if both parents are carriers of the disease. It is one of the most common lysosomal storage disorders.

36
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

is a rare disorder that causes brain and liver damage. Although it can happen at any age, it is most often seen in children. Reye’s syndrome usually occurs in children who have had a recent viral infection, such as chickenpox or the flu.

37
Q

Von Gierke disease

A

is a condition in which the body cannot break down glycogen. Glycogen is a form of sugar (glucose) that is stored in the liver and muscles. It is normally broken down into glucose to give you more energy when you need it.

glycogen storage disaes

38
Q

belsy grading

A 
gerd grading
1 hyperemic mucosa
2 superfcial ulcers
3 extesive ulcer
4 stricture or barrets
39
Q

The myenteric plexus also known as Auerbach’s plexus,

A

The myenteric plexus, also known as Auerbach’s plexus, is located between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestine.

40
Q

corkscrew esophagus

A

is a variant of a condition called achalasia, a condition that results from nerve damage and makes it difficult for the body to pass food and liquid to the stomach.
When you have corkscrew esophagus, though, “The entire esophagus squeezes at once, and you end up with this corkscrew appearance,”

41
Q

heller operation

A

Heller myotomy is a surgical procedure in which the muscles of the cardia are cut, allowing food and liquids to pass to the stomach

42
Q

vein of mayo

A

A tributary of the right gastric vein that passes anterior to the pylorus at its junction with the duodenum.

43
Q

Boerhaave syndrome

A

Esophageal rupture is a rupture of the esophageal wall. Iatrogenic causes account for approximately 56% of esophageal perforations, usually due to medical instrumentation such as an endoscopy or paraesophageal surgery.

44
Q

CREST syndrome,

A

also known as the limited cutaneous form of systemic sclerosis, is a multisystem connective tissue disorder. The acronym “CREST” refers to the five main features: calcinosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia.

45
Q

campers fascia

A

superfcial fatthy layer of superfcial fascia

46
Q

scarpa layer

A

deep membranous layer of superfscial fascia

47
Q

leriche syndrome

A

aortoiliac occlusive disease, is a form of central artery disease involving the blockage of the abdominal aorta as it transitions into the common iliac arteries.
Classically, it is described in male patients as a triad of the following signs and symptoms:

claudication of the buttocks and thighs
absent or decreased femoral pulses
erectile dysfunction

48
Q

infant hercules in ledyig cell tumor

A

A syndrome of hypothyroidism associated muscular enlargement to give the appearance of an infant Hercules. The enlarged muscles are weak and slow to contract and relax. There is clinical or subclinical myxoedema, lower extremity or generalized muscular hypertrophy, and typical manifestations of cretinism.

49
Q

stephen-Fowler operation

A

Laparoscopic Stephen-Fowler stage procedure: appropriate management for high intra-abdominal testes

50
Q

callot triangle

A

The triangle of Calot is an important landmark whose boundaries include the common hepatic duct medially, the cystic duct laterally, and the inferior edge of the liver superiorly

51
Q

The cystic lymph node of Lund

A

The cystic lymph node of Lund (also known as the Calot or Mascagni node) is the sentinel node for the gallbladder, and one of the structures in Calot triangle.

52
Q

caterpillar hepatic artery

A

Tortuous right hepatic artery (‘caterpillar hump’) is an infrequent but potentially dangerous variation

53
Q

hartmann pouch

A

Hartmann pouch is a dilatation of the wall of the gallbladder at the region between neck and the cystic duct, It is inconstant feature found as an anatomical variant and considered a frequent site for gall stone impaction and mucocele formation as a complication.

54
Q

McEvedy

A

The McEvedy is a vertical incision from the femoral canal and brought superior to above the inguinal ligament. It opens the femoral space

55
Q

Malgaigne’s bulges

A

Malgaigne’s bulges are elongated bulges especially visible in the flank region while straining. It is common in men with poor musculature of the abdomen.

56
Q

The keel operation

A

The keel operation in the treatment of “giant” incisional hernias
and divercation of recti
اسمها التاني maingot

57
Q

mayo operation

A

An operation for the radical cure of umbilical hernia

58
Q

Houston’s valves

A

The transverse folds of rectum (or Houston’s valves) are semi-lunar transverse folds of the rectal wall that protrude into the rectum

59
Q

Waldeyer’s fascia

A

Waldeyer’s fascia (a.k.a. rectosacral fascia) originates from the presacral parietal fascia at the S2 to S4 level fusing with the rectal visceral fascia

60
Q

Denonvilliers’ fascia

A

The rectoprostatic fascia (Denonvilliers’ fascia) is a membranous partition at the lowest part of the rectovesical pouch.

surgery (3 decks)

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