GIT

Question 1

Liver injury enz

Answer 1

ALT
AST

🚫liver failure

Question 2

Liver fn test

Answer 2

Albumin
⬇️BUN
Glu
Cholesterol 
Bilirubin

Question 3

ATT

Answer 3

Baseline after 12h fast
Oral/recal NH4Cl2➡️➡️mwasure [NH3] blood every 30min

> 2x increase ➡️ Liver Failure

May cause enceph crisis

Question 4

Complications of acute hepatic failure

Answer 4

CEMS

Coag
Hep Encephalopathy
Metabolic abnormalities: ⬇️glu, 🔼electrolytes
Sepsis

Question 5

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Answer 5

Protein degrad➡️Neuro signs

Tx: ⬇️encephtoxin formation
Correct electrolytes/dehyd
Prevent crisis
Modify 🍽: ⬇️ protein
Control siezures

Question 6

Idiopathic hepatic lipidosis

Answer 6

Wt loss 25-40%

Hyperbilirubinemia
Normal GGT
⬆️ALT, AST,ALP
⬆️bleed t (✅CF to Bx)

Tx: feeding tube
High protein diet

Question 7

Hepatic vascular anomalies

Answer 7

PPDA

PSS
Portal V hypoplasia/hep microvasc dysplasia
AV Fistula

Question 8

PSS: congenital

Answer 8

thin, stunted, PU/PD, Neuro signs after high protein meal

Extrahep- sm 🐶,🐱
Intrahep- lg 🐶

Copper 👁
⭐️bilirubin NORMAL

BA Test: post-prandial
🔼Serum NH3
Transcolonic scintigraphy

Sx: celophane bands

Question 9

PSS: acq

Answer 9

Liver damage➡️ Portal V Hypertension ➡️Mutli shunts

Expanding belly
Mayb transudate ascites & icteric

Tx underlying cause

Question 10

HMVD/PVH

Answer 10

Congenital microscopic shunts

Sim CS PSS

Only Rx 🚫Sx

Question 11

🐶 CH

Answer 11

Group of inflamm + necrotic liver dis

Genetic: Cu dysfn
Infx: CAV-1, lepto
Rx/toxin
Imm-med

Tx: mod inflamm GCC/Azathioprine
⬇️Cu: Zn/P nacillamine/🔼diet
Anti-ox
Ursodial: 🔼BA

Question 12

Liver neoplasia

Answer 12

🐶: 1° Metastatic, hepatocellular carcinoma

🐱: 1° lymphoma, biliary carcinoma/adenoma

Question 13

Oropharyngeal dis

Answer 13

Ab.prehension
Oral ulcer/erosion
Halitosis

Question 14

Esophageal dis

Answer 14

Regurg
Odynophagia
Wt loss