Git Flashcards
Learn how to use git
What is VCS
A Version Control System is a tool to manage changes over time to some files.
What differences exist between a DVCS and a CVCS
A Centralized Version Control System has a central server to handle most operations like retrieving history, committing and merging, meanwhile Distributed ones, make those operations locally since it has entire snapshots in local clones.
Differences between deltas and snapshots
Deltas storage the difference between versions while snapshots storage the entire file for each version (not the entire project).
What is a checksum
A value calculated from some data with a specific algorithm to validate that the data was not corrupted or changed while it was being transmitted.
The three states of files in Git
Modified, Staged, Committed
The three areas of Git
Working three, staging area or index, .git directory
What is git config
A command that helps us to get and set configuration at different levels by reading and writing to specific text files
Where are located the config files of git
[path]/etc/.gitconfig (system level, normally needs admin privileges)
~/.gitconfig or ~/.config/git/config (user level, set with –global flag)
./.git/config (repository level, default or with –local option)
In windows there is a system config at C://ProgramData/Git/config (git -f)
What is the output of git config –list
All configuration resolved for git at the current directory, it can contain duplicated keys.
What is the output of git config –list –show-origin
The show origin flag makes the output show form where the config is being red.
Which command in unix can change the editor to emacs at user level
git config –global core.editor emacs
When setting the editor in windows, what considerations are needed
We need to specify the absolute path to the executable
Is glob patterns unified across different tools?
Actually no, there are different rules , git follows the standard glob rules from UNIX original tool and some extra rules and it works stable in different OS.
In what status can a file be in Git
Untracked
Unmodified
Modified
Staged
What command is used to track, and stage files?
git add <options> <glob></glob></options>
What is the utility of staging files
To check if some secret, bin or generated files/folders are about to being committed, you prevent saving them to the Git database by error.
What is git status command used for
To show the current status of the files in the working three and index.
What does represent the columns in the output of the git status -s command
The first column is the working three status and the second column is the index status.
Does the glob patterns in .gitignore apply recursively?
Yes
How can we avoid reclusively in .gitignore
prefixing a “/”
git diff by default what compares
It compares unstaged changes (not untracked).
git diff –staged what compares
staged changes vs last commit
What is the difference between deleting the file form the working three and using git rm
Removing the file changes the working three , git rm deletes the file and also adds to stage the delete change
What is the difference between moving a file and using git mv
git mv not only moves the file, but also adds the change to staging
What is the command to revert changes that were staged
git restore –staged
How to remove files that you accidentally staged
git rm –cached <glob></glob>
What does git log –one-line –graph
Prints in reverse chronological order the list of commits in one line format and not all 40 chars of the checksum with a ASCII representation of the branches.
What does git log -p do
It prints also the patches, meaning the changes or the diff for each commit
What does git log -S functionName do
The “pickaxe” option filters only commits where its patch content has the functionName in this case
What does git log –no-merges
Does not show the merge commits
About the –since and –until options , what do they do?
Filter with time limits like 2.weeks fromat or “2008-01-15”
How we can filter with git log by author and commit content
–author and –grep
What happens if we set more than one –author and more than –grep filter when using git log
The filter matches any of the authors used and any of the grep filters, except is combined with –all-match
Is it possible to use git log with path files?
Yes, with a – before path to file
