Git

Question 1

What is VCS

Answer 1

A Version Control System is a tool to manage changes over time to some files.

Question 2

What differences exist between a DVCS and a CVCS

Answer 2

A Centralized Version Control System has a central server to handle most operations like retrieving history, committing and merging, meanwhile Distributed ones, make those operations locally since it has entire snapshots in local clones.

Question 3

Differences between deltas and snapshots

Answer 3

Deltas storage the difference between versions while snapshots storage the entire file for each version (not the entire project).

Question 4

What is a checksum

Answer 4

A value calculated from some data with a specific algorithm to validate that the data was not corrupted or changed while it was being transmitted.

Question 5

The three states of files in Git

Answer 5

Modified, Staged, Committed

Question 6

The three areas of Git

Answer 6

Working three, staging area or index, .git directory

Question 7

What is git config

Answer 7

A command that helps us to get and set configuration at different levels by reading and writing to specific text files

Question 8

Where are located the config files of git

Answer 8

[path]/etc/.gitconfig (system level, normally needs admin privileges)

~/.gitconfig or ~/.config/git/config (user level, set with –global flag)

./.git/config (repository level, default or with –local option)

In windows there is a system config at C://ProgramData/Git/config (git -f)

Question 9

What is the output of git config –list

Answer 9

All configuration resolved for git at the current directory, it can contain duplicated keys.

Question 10

What is the output of git config –list –show-origin

Answer 10

The show origin flag makes the output show form where the config is being red.

Question 11

Which command in unix can change the editor to emacs at user level

Answer 11

git config –global core.editor emacs

Question 12

When setting the editor in windows, what considerations are needed

Answer 12

We need to specify the absolute path to the executable

Question 13

Is glob patterns unified across different tools?

Answer 13

Actually no, there are different rules , git follows the standard glob rules from UNIX original tool and some extra rules and it works stable in different OS.

Question 14

In what status can a file be in Git

Answer 14

Untracked
Unmodified
Modified
Staged

Question 15

What command is used to track, and stage files?

Answer 15

git add <options> <glob></glob></options>

Question 16

What is the utility of staging files

Answer 16

To check if some secret, bin or generated files/folders are about to being committed, you prevent saving them to the Git database by error.

Question 17

What is git status command used for

Answer 17

To show the current status of the files in the working three and index.

Question 17

What does represent the columns in the output of the git status -s command

Answer 17

The first column is the working three status and the second column is the index status.

Question 18

Does the glob patterns in .gitignore apply recursively?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

How can we avoid reclusively in .gitignore

Answer 19

prefixing a “/”

Question 20

git diff by default what compares

Answer 20

It compares unstaged changes (not untracked).

Question 21

git diff –staged what compares

Answer 21

staged changes vs last commit

Question 22

What is the difference between deleting the file form the working three and using git rm

Answer 22

Removing the file changes the working three , git rm deletes the file and also adds to stage the delete change

Question 23

What is the difference between moving a file and using git mv

Answer 23

git mv not only moves the file, but also adds the change to staging

Question 24

What is the command to revert changes that were staged

Answer 24

git restore –staged

Question 25

How to remove files that you accidentally staged

Answer 25

git rm –cached <glob></glob>

Question 26

What does git log –one-line –graph

Answer 26

Prints in reverse chronological order the list of commits in one line format and not all 40 chars of the checksum with a ASCII representation of the branches.

Question 27

What does git log -p do

Answer 27

It prints also the patches, meaning the changes or the diff for each commit

Question 28

What does git log -S functionName do

Answer 28

The “pickaxe” option filters only commits where its patch content has the functionName in this case

Question 29

What does git log –no-merges

Answer 29

Does not show the merge commits

Question 30

About the –since and –until options , what do they do?

Answer 30

Filter with time limits like 2.weeks fromat or “2008-01-15”

Question 31

How we can filter with git log by author and commit content

Answer 31

–author and –grep

Question 32

What happens if we set more than one –author and more than –grep filter when using git log

Answer 32

The filter matches any of the authors used and any of the grep filters, except is combined with –all-match

Question 33

Is it possible to use git log with path files?

Answer 33

Yes, with a – before path to file