GIT

Question 1

Drugs&conditions that Cause diarrhea

Answer 1

NSAIDS & Mg salts

Diabetes & hyperthyroidism

Question 2

period of storage of fluid and electrolyte replacement solutions in refrigerator.

Answer 2

24 hours

Question 3

Powder for reconstitution contains:

Answer 3

Cl Na HCO3 K glucose

Question 4

Quantity of rehydration solution to be consumed is based on:

Answer 4

Number of watery stools passed

Question 5

Diarrhea pharmacological treatment

Answer 5

Loperamide (Imodium)
BBS (peto-busmol) 
Adsorbent 
Dyphenoxylate/atropin (co-phenotrope)
Lactose enzyme preparation

Question 6

Overstimulation of labyrinth leads to:

Answer 6

Nausea and vomiting

Question 7

Cytotoxic agents / NSAIDS / AB / opiates lead to:

Answer 7

NV

Question 8

Ginger and acupuncture wristbands: dec NV in cases of:

Answer 8

Pregnancy & motion sickness

Question 9

When to refer patient in case of constipation

Answer 9

• change in bowel movement of 2 weeks or longer
• fever
• abdominal pain
• vomiting
• bloating
• IBS

Question 10

CI in:
• obstructed bowel lesions
• intestinal strictures
• Crohn’s disease

Answer 10

Bulk forming laxatives:
• psyllium / malt soup abstract
• methylcellulose / polycarbophil

Question 11

Bulk forming laxatives: Patient counseling for constipation:

Answer 11

• inc fluid intake

* separate medication from fiber intake by 1-2 hours: fiber should be taken with water.

Question 12

These drugs increase activity of cholecytokinine pancreozymine

Answer 12

Saline laxatives: Mg citr, Mg hydroxide, Mg sulphate, phosphate salt (O&R)

Hyperosmotic laxatives: glycerine, lactulose, PEG3350

Question 13

CI in patient with renal failure and congenital heart disease (CHD)

Answer 13

Saline laxatives:
• MG: citrate/hydroxide/sulphate/
• Phosphate salts

Question 14

A drug that decreases blood ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy

Answer 14

Hyperosmotic laxative: Lactulose

Question 15

If used concurrently with mineral oils, leads to hepatotoxicity:

Answer 15

Emollient (slot softening) laxatives: DOCUSATE: NA, K, Ca

Question 16

Increase peristalsis by local irritation of the mucosa or by acting on intramural nerve plexus of intestinal smooth muscle

Answer 16

Stimulant laxative:

• Anthraquinones: senna/cascara/casanthranole
• Diphenylmethane: phenolphthaline/bisocardyl

Question 17

• DO NOT TAKE IN: bedtime, children<6y

* SHOULD be taken on empty stomach

Answer 17

Liquid petrolatum (lubricant mineral oil)

Question 18

Lipid pneumonia is caused by aspiration of:

Answer 18

Mineral oil

Question 19

Causes: anal seepage (leaking), itching and discomfort.

Answer 19

Liquid petrolatum lubricant laxative

Question 20

Cause: cramping, colic, + mucous secretion

Answer 20

Stimulant laxative:

• Anthraquinones: senna/cascara/casanthranole
• Diphenylmethane: phenolphthaline/bisocardyl

Question 21

May color urine pink to red, red to violet, red to brown

Answer 21

Stimulant: Senna

Question 22

Should not be administered within 1 hour of taking milk, antacids, HERAs.

Answer 22

Bisacodyl enteric coated tablets

Question 23

May leads to abortion in pregnant women

Answer 23

Castor oil

Question 24

Causes cathartic effect

Answer 24

Castor oil as it works on the small intestine

Question 25

Chronic use leads to alteration in fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer 25

Sodium phosphate enema (fleet)

Question 26

Pregnancy constipation

Answer 26

Bulk forming (psy/malt , MC, PC)
Emollient (docusate)
Senna
Bisacodyl

X stimulants

Question 27

Breastfeeding constipation

Answer 27

Senna and bisacodyl