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Gross Anatomy > GIT 1 > Flashcards

GIT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does absorption of food primarily occurs?

A

Small intestine

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2
Q

What are the parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, Ileum, Jejunum

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3
Q

Composition of Large Intestine

A

Cecum, Appendix, Colon, Rectum and Anal Canal

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4
Q

Series of ring-like contraction waves that mixes the masticated food mass with gastric juices and empties these contents into the duodenum

A

Peristalsis

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5
Q

How long and how will you describe the small intestine

A

Coiled; 5 to 6 m long tube

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6
Q

Functions in water reabsorption and feces formation

A

Large Intestine

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7
Q

What structure functions in digestion of food

A

stomach and duodenum

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8
Q

Divisions of oral region

A

Oral cavity, teeth, gingivae, tongue, palate, and the region of the palatine tonsils

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9
Q

Area where food is ingested and prepared for digestion

A

Oral region

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10
Q

responsible for chewing of food

A

Teeth

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11
Q

Facilitates formation of manageable food bolus

A

Saliva

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12
Q

process of pushing the bolus from the oral cavity (voluntary phase) into the pharynx (involuntary phase)

A

Deglutition (Swallowing)

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13
Q

Parts of oral cavity

A

Oral vestibule and oral cavity proper

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14
Q

Slit-like space between teeth and gingivae (gums) and the lips and cheeks

A

Oral Vestibule

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15
Q

Space between the upper and lower dental arches or archades (Maxillary and mandibular alveolar arches)

A

Oral Cavity Proper

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16
Q

Opening of the mouth

A

Oral Fissure

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17
Q

What controls the size of the Oral Fissure?

A

Peri-oral muscles

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18
Q

SPhincter of oral fissure

A

Oricularis oris

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19
Q

dilators of the fissure

A

Buccinator, risorius and depressor and elevators of the lips

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20
Q

Roof of the oral cavity

A

Palate

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21
Q

Mobile, muscular fibrous folds surrounding the mouth

A

Lips

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22
Q

Function as the valves of the oral fissure, through the orbicularis oris (sphincter)

A

Lips

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23
Q

Controls entry and exit from the mouth and upper digestive and respiratory tracts

A

Orbicularis oris (sphincter)

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24
Q

Considered by itself to be the lip

A

Transitional Zone of the Lips

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25
Q

Free-edge folds of mucous membrane in the mid-line, extending from the vestiular gingiva to the mucosa of the upper and lower lips

A

Labial Frenula

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26
Q

Blood supply of lips

A

Upper lip: superior labial branches of the facial and infra-orbital arteries
Lower lip: inferior labial branches of the mental nerves (of CN V3) or mandibular nerve

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27
Q

Nodes in the upper lip and lateral part of the lower lip

A

Submandibular lymph nodes

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28
Q

Medial part of the lower lip

A

Submental lymph nodes

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29
Q

Movable walls of the oral cavity

A

Cheeks (Buccae)

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30
Q

Borders of the Buccal region

A

Anteriorly: Oral and mental regions (lips and chin)
Superiorly: Zygomatic region
Posteriorly: Parotid region
Inferiorly: inferior border of the mandible

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31
Q

Cheekbone

A

Zygomatic bone

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32
Q

Principal muscles of the cheeks

A

Buccinators

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33
Q

Blood supply of the cheeks

A

Buccal branches of the maxillary artery

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34
Q

Innervation of Cheeks

A

Buccal branches of the mandibular nerve

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35
Q

Composed of fibrous tissue covered with mucous membrane

A

Gingivae (Gums)

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36
Q

Describe the Gingiva proper of Gums (attached gingiva)

A

Normally, pink, stippled and keratinized

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37
Q

Describe the alveolar mucosa (unattached gingiva)

A

Shiny red and nonkeratinizing

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38
Q

Firmly attached to the alveolar part of the mandible and alveolar process of the maxilla and necks of the teeth (Gums)

A

Gingiva proper

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39
Q

Chief Functions of Teeth

A
  • Incise or cut, reduce and mix food material with saliva during mastication or chewing
  • Help sustain themselves in tooth sockets
  • Participate in articulation (distinct connected speech)
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40
Q

How many deciduous or primary teeth?

A

20

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41
Q

How many permanent or secondary teeth?

A

32

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42
Q

Types of Teeth and their characteristics

A

Incisors - thin cutting edges
Canines - single prominent cones
Premolars - bicuspids (two cusps)
Molars -three or more cusps

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43
Q

Structure of teeth that projects from the gingiva

A

Crown

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44
Q

Structure of teeth between crown and root

A

Neck

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45
Q

Structure of tooth fixed in the tooth socket by the periodontium

A

Root

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46
Q

Compose most of the tooth

A

Dentine

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47
Q

Covers the crown of the tooth

A

Enamel

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48
Q

Covers the roots of the teeth

A

Cement

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49
Q

Contains connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves of the teeth

A

Pulp cavity

50
Q

It transmits nerves and vessels to and from the pulp cavity through the apical foramen

A

Root canal

51
Q

Opening at the tip of the roots

A

Apical foramen

52
Q

Tooth sockets

A

Dental alveoli

53
Q

What separates dental alveoli?

A

Interalveolar septa

54
Q

Special type of fibrous joint that forms the springy suspension that connects the root of teeth to the bone

A

Dento-alveolar syndesmosis/gomphosis

55
Q

COmposed of collagenous fibers that extend between the cement o the root and periosteum of the alveolus

A

Periodontium (periodontal membrane)

56
Q

Forms the arched roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavities

A

PALATE

57
Q

Palate anteriorly

A

Hard

58
Q

Palate posteriorly

A

Soft

59
Q

Vaulted (concave), mostly filled by the tongue when it is at rest

A

Hard palate

60
Q

What forms the bony skeleton of the Palate

A

Palatine processes of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bones

61
Q

depression in the midline of the bony palate posterior to the central incisiors

A

Incisive fossa

62
Q

Pass from the nose through the incisive canals and foramina

A

nasopalatine nerves

63
Q

pierces lateral border of the bony plate, medial to the 3rd molar tooth

A

Greater palatine foramen

64
Q

POsterior to the greater palatine foramen, pierce the pyramidal prcess oh the palatine bone

A

Lesser palatine foramen

65
Q

Movable posterior third of the palate and is suspended from the posterior border of the hard palate

A

Sofft palate

66
Q

Does soft palate have skeleton?

A

No bony skeleton, anterior part strengthened by palatine aponeurosis

67
Q

Conical process which hangs in its curved free margin

A

Uvula

68
Q

connects the soft plate with the tongue and the pharynx

A

Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

69
Q

space between the oral cavity and the pharynx

A

Fauces (L. throat)

70
Q

Boundaries of the fauces

A

Superiorly: soft palate
Inferiorly: Root of the tongue
Laterally : Pilars of the fauces, palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

71
Q

shot, considered space that establishes the connection between the oral cavity and the oropharynx

A

Isthmus of the faces

72
Q

Masses of lymphoid tissue, one on each side of the pharynx

A

Fauces

73
Q

Where does palatine tonsils lie?

A

Lie within the tonsillar sinus or fossa

74
Q

several WBCs causing tonsilitis are found where>

A

Palatine tonsils

75
Q

Gingiva covering the lingual surface of the teeth and alveolar process is continuous with mucosa o the palate

A

Superior lingual gingiva

76
Q

Elevation of mucosa anterior to the underling incisive fossa and posterior to the maxillary incisor teeth

A

Incisive papilla

77
Q

Parallel folds that radiate laterally from the incisive papilla

A

Transverse Palatine Folds/Rugae

78
Q

Assist with manipulation of food during mastication

A

Transcerse palatine Folds/ Rugae

79
Q

Opening of the ducts give the palatine mucosa a what appearance

A

pitted (orange-peel ) appearance

80
Q

Anesthetic injection into the gingiva of the tooth anesthetizes what

A

Adjacent palatal mucosa

81
Q

Narrow whitish streak in the midline of the palate

A

Palatine Raphe

82
Q

Site of fusion of the embryonic palatal processes (palatal shelves)

A

Palatine Raphe

83
Q

Muscles responsible for closing the isthmus of the pharynx allowing one to breath through the nose

A

Levator veli palatini

84
Q

Muscle responsible for closing the isthmus of the fauces. Expired air passes through the nose

A

Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus

85
Q

elevation of the soft palate in contact with the pharynx posterior wall (muscle)

A

levator veli palatini

86
Q

depressing the soft palate in contact with the posterior tongue (muscle)

A

Palatoglossus and palatopharynngeus

87
Q

Tensing the soft palate (muslce)

A

Tensor Veli palatini, palatopharyngeus

88
Q

responsible for compressing masticated food or propels food into the pharynx for swallowing

A

tensor veli palatini, palatopharyngeus

89
Q

Mobile muscular organ covered with mucous membrane

A

Tongue

90
Q

What are the functions of the tongue?

A

Articulation (forming words during speaking)

  • Squeezing food into the oropharynx as part of deglutition (swallowing)
  • Mastication
  • Taste
  • Oral Cleansing
91
Q

Parts of the tongue

A

Root - attached posterior portion
Body - anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
Apex - anterior end of the body, rests against the incisor teeth

92
Q

Surfaces of the tongue

A

Dorsum and Inferior surface

93
Q

surface of the tongue which is more extensive, superior and posterior

A

Dorsum

94
Q

V-shaped groove, angle points to the foramen cecum

A

Terminal sulcus of the tongue

95
Q

Surface of tongue that rests against the floor of the mouth

A

Inferior surface

96
Q

Midline fold that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

Frenulum

97
Q

Lingual papillae that is large and flat-topped, lie directly anterior to the terminal sulcus

A

Vallate papillae

98
Q

Lingual papillae arranged in a V-shaped row, surrounded by deep circular trenches studded with taste buds

A

Vallate papillae

99
Q

Lingual papillae containing ducts of serous glands of the tongue

A

Vallate papillae

100
Q

Lingual papillae containing small lateral folds of lingual mucosa

A

Foliate papillae

101
Q

Lingual papillae that is long and numerous, containing afferent nerve endings which is sensitive to touch

A

Filiform papillae

102
Q

Pinkish-gray, scaly, conical projections arranged in V-shaped rows that are parallel to the terminal sulcus (papillae)

A

Filiform papillae

103
Q

Lingual papillae with no taste buds

A

Filiform papillae

104
Q

Lingual papillae with mushroom-shaped pink or red spots scatterred among the fliliform papillae

A

Fungiform papillae

105
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue that alter the position of the tongue

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

106
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue that alter its shape

A

Inferior longitudinal
Superior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

107
Q

All muscles of the tongue, except palatoglossus, receive motor innervation from the

A

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

108
Q

Muscle Supplied by the pharyngeal plexus

A

Palatoglossus

109
Q

Anterior 2/3 Innervation for general sensation (touch and temperature)

A

Lingual Nerve (CN V3)

110
Q

Posterior 1/3 Innervation for general sensation (touch and temperature)

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

111
Q

Anterior 2/3 Innervation for taste

A

Chorda tympani nerve (CN VII)

112
Q

Posterior 1/3 Innervation for taste

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

113
Q

Lingual artery at the root of the tongue

A

Dorsal lingual arteries

114
Q

Lingual artery at the body of the tongue

A

Deep lingual arteries

115
Q

Communicate with each other near the apex of the tongue

A

Deep lingual arteries

116
Q

Branch of the external carotid artery that passes deep to the hyoglossus muscle

A

lingual artery

117
Q

Veins of the tongue

A 
Dorsal lingual veins
Deep lingual veins
Sublingual veins
Lingual vein
*all drain to the Internal Jugular vein
118
Q

Clear, tasteless, ordorless viscid fluid

A

Saliva

119
Q

Functions of the saliva

A

Keeps mucous membrane of the mouth moist

Lubricates food during mastication

Begins digestion of starches

serves as an instrinsic “mouthwash”

Plays significant roles on the prevention of tooth decay and in the ability to taste

120
Q

tough, unyielding, fascial capsule that encloses the parotid gland

A

parotid sheath

Gross Anatomy (3 decks)

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