gingo report topic

Question 1

understood through the lens of the present, as modern concerns, understanding and attitudes help us “invent the past,

Answer 1

history

Question 2

modern world makes little sense without some understanding of the momentous events that have shaped world ____

Answer 2

history

Question 3

[approaches to history]

history tends to have an enduring character; similarities between historical eras are always more substantial than the differences; History, if you like, does not ‘move
forward’; rather, it repeats itself, endlessly (human nature, self-interested political units)

Answer 3

realist view

Question 4

[approaches to history]

characterized by a belief in progress: history marches forwards as human
society achieves higher and higher levels of advancement; has utopian dimension, in that it
emphasizes the possibility of ‘perpetual peace’ (Kant)

Answer 4

liberal view

Question 5

[approaches to history]

most influential critical approaches to history have developed out of
Marxism (Marxist theory of history: often portrayed as ‘historical materialism – emphasizes
that the primary driving forces in history are material or economic factors); history moves
forwards from one ‘mode of production’ to the next

Answer 5

critical views

Question 6

located between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates (Iraq)

Answer 6

mesopotamia

Question 7

the cradle of civilization

Answer 7

mesopotamia

Question 8

3 major civilizations arising in Mesopotamia from around 3500 to 1500 BCE

Answer 8

Sumerian
Babylonian
Assyrian

Question 9

along the course of the Nile which endured for around 3 and a half thousand
years, only ending with the rise of the Roman Empire.

Answer 9

Ancient Egypt

Question 10

2 key features of these early civilizations

Answer 10

Agriculture
Development of writing

Question 11

earliest civilization in South Asia; what is now Pakistan

Answer 11

Indus River valley

Question 12

stretched across the plains from the Indus to the Ganges; extending
from modern-day Afghanistan to Bangladesh

Answer 12

Ancient India

Question 13

Began around 500 BCE with the birth of the ‘golden age’ of classical Hindu culture as
reflected in Sanskrit literature

Answer 13

Ancient India

Question 14

period dating from around 1000 BCE; emergence of various civilizations in
the area of the Mediterranean Sea

Answer 14

Classical Antiquity

Question 15

classical antiquity is the growth of ___ and the spread of ____ culture.

Answer 15

Etruscan culture; Phoenician maritime trading

Question 16

viewed as the foundational culture of western civilization; developed
through the extension of Greek settlements throughout the eastern Mediterranean.

Answer 16

Ancient Greece

Question 17

In ancient greece colonies are being formed in ____

Answer 17

Asia Minor and Southern parts of the Balkans

Question 18

flourished once the Roman monarch was overthrown in 509 BCE, creating
an oligarchic republic that developed into a vast empire

Answer 18

Ancient Rome

Question 19

ancient rome is extended from ____ across ___

Answer 19

eastern mediterranean across north africa and most of EU

Question 20

the most significant primitive nomadic people who emerged from the
depths of Asia to create an empire of unequal scope and range.

Answer 20

Mongols

Question 21

the mongols is stretched from

Answer 21

Stretched from the eastern frontiers of Germany and from the Arctic Ocean to Turkey and the Persian Gulf.

Question 22

Modernization came to be synonymous with

Answer 22

westernization

Question 23

process through which societies become modern or developed
which usually implies economic advancement, technological development, and
the rational organization of political and social life.

Answer 23

modernization

Question 24

first ships that set out to discover the new world

Answer 24

Portuguese ships

Question 25

economic motivation of exploring the new world

Answer 25

desire to find a
direct route to India and the Far East in order to obtain spices to the establishment of
trading empires focused on tea, cane sugar, tobacco, precious metals and slaves.

Question 26

is a system of agrarian-based production that is characterized by fixed
social hierarchies and a rigid pattern of obligations.

Answer 26

feudalism

Question 27

the policy of extending the power or rule of the state beyond its
boundaries, typically through the establishment of an empire.

Answer 27

imperialism

Question 28

was an ideology that supported military expansion and imperial acquisition,
usually by drawing on nationalist and racialist doctrines.

Answer 28

early usage of imperialism

Question 29

involves establishment of formal political domination or colonialism
and reflects the expansion of state power through a process of conquest and settlement.

Answer 29

traditional form of imperialism

Question 30

involve economic domination without the establishment of
political control or what is called neo-colonialism.

Answer 30

modern form of imperialism

Question 31

from the French, literally meaning beautiful era; a period of peace and
prosperity in Europe and was seen as a golden age.

Answer 31

belle epoque