GIMN Flashcards
Which of the following organs is retroperitoneal?
a) Pancreas
b) Stomach
c) Transverse colon
d) Spleen
e) Jejunum
a) Pancreas
Which type of motility allows for temporary storage in the rectum?
a) Peristalsis
b) Haustral contractions
c) Pendular movements
d) Segmentation
e) Accommodation
e) Accommodation
Which nutrient would be absorbed in the largest amount by the GI tract from the complete digestion of potato starch?
a) Amino acid
b) Calcium
c) Glucose
d) Fatty acids
e) Di-peptides
c) Glucose
Which anatomical structure is responsible for pendular movements?
a) Oblique muscle
b) Muscularis externa
c) Circular muscle
d) Longitudinal muscle
e) Tenae coli
d) Longitudinal muscle
Which neuronal centre in hypothalamus in pivotal in the control of food intake?
a) Lateral nuclei
b) Ventromedial nuclei
c) Paraventricular nuclei
d) Dorsomedial nuclei
e) Arcuate nuclei
e) Arcuate nuclei
Where in the gastrointestinal tract are Brunner’s glands found?
a) Oesophagus
b) Stomach
c) Duodenum
d) Jejunum
e) Ileum
c) Duodenum
Which of the following arteries is a branch of the coeliac (celiac) trunk?
a) Right gastroepiploic
b) Right gastric
c) Left gastroepiploic
d) Short gastric
e) Hepatic
e) Hepatic
Which one of the following is a function of pepsin in the stomach?
a) Digest lipids
b) Sterilise chime
c) Activate pepsinogen
d) Contribute to optimal pH
e) Protect the stomach mucosa
c) Activate pepsinogen
What is the name given to the lateral border of rectus abdominis on the anterior abdominal wall?
a) Tendinous intersection
b) Linea alba
c) Linea semilunaris
d) Fascia transversalis
e) Umbilicus
c) Linea semilunaris
Which of the following enzymes are specific for protein?
a) Amylase
b) Lipase
c) Trypsin
d) Dextrinase
e) Lactase
c) Trypsin
Which of these secretions would the hormone, cholecystokinin, stimulate?
a) Digestive enzymes from the pancreas
b) Acid by the parietal cells
c) Bicarbonate by the ducts of the pancreas
d) Mucin by the parotid gland
e) Fluid by the pancreas
a) Digestive enzymes from the pancreas
Which is a source of low quality protein?
a) Soyabeans
b) Milk
c) Cereals
d) Eggs
e) Meat
c) Cereals
Which type of motility allows for temporary storage in the proximal colon?
a) Peristalsis
b) Haustral contractions
c) Pendular movements
d) Segmentation
e) Accommodation
e) Accommodation
What are the main final products of digestion of dietary protein in the small intestine?
a) Amino acids
b) Fatty acids
c) Glucose & Fructose
d) Oligopeptides
e) Polypeptides
a) Amino acids
Name the “pouches” formed by the longitudinal muscles of the large intestine?
a) Plicae
b) Haustra
c) Tenia coli
d) Epiploic appendages
e) Appendix
b) Haustra
Which of the layers of the gut contains glands, blood vessels and nerves?
a) Mucosa
b) Muscularis interna (muscularis mucosa)
c) Submucosa
d) Muscularis externa
e) Serosa
c) Submucosa
In relation to the development of the pancreas, which of the following statements is correct?
a) A dorsal pancreatic bud forms the uncinate process
b) The body and tail of this gland are derived from the dorsal pancreatic bud
c) The ventral pancreatic bud forms first and is larger than the dorsal bud
d) The dorsal pancreatic bud is formed from the developing bile duct
e) The accessory pancreatic duct arises from the ventral pancreatic duct
b) The body and tail of this gland are derived from the dorsal pancreatic bud
Approximately what pH value would you expect the secretion in the mouth of a normal human adult likely to be?
a) 3.0
b) 4.0
c) 5.0
d) 6.0
e) 7.0
e) 7.0
What do the Brunner’s glands secrete?
a) Acidic mucus
b) Alkaline mucus
c) Digestive enzymes
d) Lysozymes
e) Neutral pH mucus
b) Alkaline mucus
What is the major stimulus for gallbladder contraction?
a) Pancreatic juice
b) Cholecystokinin
c) Hydrocholoric acid
d) Gastric juice
e) Mucin
b) Cholecystokinin
Where in the gastrointestinal tract would you observe the largest number of plicae circulares?
a) Caecum
b) Ileum
c) Jejunum
d) Rectum
e) Transverse colon
c) Jejunum
What is the name of the enzyme that would start the chemical breakdown (digestion) of a piece of plain white bread (made from wheat flour) in your mouth?
a) Amylase
b) Chymotrypsin
c) Lipase
d) Pepsin
e) Aminopeptidase
a) Amylase
What is the important characteristic of the products secreted by Brunner’s glands into the duodenum?
a) Its neutral pH
b) Its acidic pH
c) Its alkaline pH
d) Its high enzyme content
e) Its cholecystokinin content
c) Its alkaline pH
In which of the following digestive organs can tubuloacinar glands be seen to dominate the tissue?
a) Liver
b) Gallbladder
c) Stomach
d) Pancreas
e) Duodenum
d) Pancreas
What structure lies immediately deep to the uncinate process of the pancreas?
a) Common bile duct
b) Hepatopancreatic ampulla
c) Main pancreatic duct
d) Portal vein
e) Superior mesenteric vein
e) Superior mesenteric vein
By which structure is the liver attached to the anterior abdominal wall?
a) Ventral mesentery
b) Falciform ligament
c) Transverse mesocolon
d) Lesser omentum
e) Mesentery
b) Falciform ligament
Milk lactose is digested in the small intestine to yield what nutrients?
a) Glucose and galactose
b) Galactose
c) Glucose and fructose
d) Glucose
e) fructose
a) Glucose and galactose
Which of the following are arranged within a lobule of the liver into a series of vessels radiating toward the central vein?
a) Bile canaliculi
b) Vascular sinusoids
c) Hepatocytes
d) Hepatic ducts
e) Portal areas
b) Vascular sinusoids
Which food/s would contain a good source of dietary fibre?
a) Milk
b) Salmon
c) Fruit and Vegetables
d) Lean beef steak
e) Nuts and vegetable oils
c) Fruit and Vegetables
Where is the enzyme aminopeptidase found?
a) Chief cells
b) Brush border
c) Duct cells of pancreas
d) Pancreatic acini
e) Intestinal crypts
b) Brush border
Which is the most important role in stomach motility?
a) Digest starchy foods
b) Secrete alkaline fluid
c) Homogenise ingested food
d) Produce the enzyme trypsinogen
e) Produce the hormone cholecystokinin
c) Homogenise ingested food
Which of the following organs is NOT located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen?
a) Liver
b) Head of pancreas
c) Descending colon
d) Gallbladder
e) Duodenum
c) Descending colon
Which secretory product is most likely to be produced in the colon?
a) Acidic mucous
b) Mucin
c) Bile
d) Intestinal juice
e) Digestive enzymes
b) Mucin
Which salivary gland is located superficial to the masseter muscle? a) Sublingual
b) Supralingual
c) Submandibular
d) Inframandibular
e) Parotid
e) Parotid
What is secreted by chief cells?
a) Pepsinogen
b) Gastrin
c) Intrinsic factor
d) Lipase
e) Mucin
a) Pepsinogen
What is the term given to the peristalsis that occurs in the small intestine only?
a) Defaecation reflex
b) Migrating mobility complex
c) Mass movements
d) Segmentation
e) Haustral contractions
b) Migrating mobility complex
Which secretory product is most likely to be produced in the crypts of Leiberkuhn?
a) Acidic mucous
b) Mucin
c) Bile
d) Intestinal juice
e) Digestive enzymes
d) Intestinal juice
Name the layers of the wall of the small intestine from inner to outer wall.
a) Mucosa – muscularis externa – submucosa – serosa
b) Mucosa – submucosa – muscularis externa – serosa
c) Submucosa – mucosa –serosa – muscularis externa
d) Submucosa – mucosa – muscularis externa – serosa
e) Muscularis externa – serosa – submucosa – mucosa
b) Mucosa – submucosa – muscularis externa – serosa
In which region of the abdomen is the head of the pancreas found?
a) Right hypochondrium
b) Epigastric
c) Hypogastric
d) Left lumbar region
e) Umbilical
e) Umbilical
