Gillis And Nafekh - Planned Behaviours Once Freed From Jail Flashcards
Give three examples of custodial punishments
Prison, special hospitals and residential centres
Give three examples of non-custodial punishments
Fines, probation and community service
What are the two purposes of punishment?
Retribution and to reduce the crime rate
What are the 4 main functions that prisons serve?
Incapacitation, rehabilitation, punishment and deterrence
What are some of the problems with prisons?
Capacity, treatments and costs
What are used to measure the effectiveness of prison?
Recidivism rates
What did Roshier find in his 2 year study in Cleveland that showed the effectiveness of probation?
He found that 64% of imprisoned offenders were re convicted within 2 years, compared to 41% of offenders sentenced to probation
For what three reasons can prison be seen as ineffective?
Prisons can act as colleges of crime that encourage inmates to learn new techniques to commit crime, Offenders can see prison as a result of being caught - not because of their crime and offenders that leave prison can find it very difficult to gain employment
Who developed the Theory of Planned Behaviours?
Azjen
According to Azjen’s Theory of Planned Behaviours, what did the likelihood of successful integration into society for offenders leaving prison depend on?
The offenders motivation and his or her positive intention to stay out of prison
What was the aim of Gillis and Nafekh’s study?
To investigate the effect on reconnection rates of ex-prisoners who had been involved in a pre-release community-based employment scheme
What method did Gillis and Nafekh use?
A content analysis
Who was the sample in Gillis and Nafekh’s study?
23,525 offenders in Canada who had been conditionally released between January 1998 and January 2005
What are the two main aims of the penal system?
To punish the offender and to rehabilitate the offender
What were the two groups of offenders that were compared?
Those who had been employed prior to their release on a special community based employment programme and those who were unemployed
What design was used in Gillis and Nafekh’s study?
Matched pairs
What variables were participants matched on?
Gender, sentence length, family/marital status, substance abuse and attitudes
What was carried out on the data from each offender?
A content analysis
What were the results from those offenders who had been on the employment programmes prior to finishing their sentence?
They were more likely to remain on custodial release and less likely to return to custody
What was the difference in the average time taken for offenders in the two groups to return to prison?
3 years for the employed group vs 1 year for the unemployed group
What was concluded about the importance of employment based programmes in the last few months of an offenders sentence?
It gives them some of the skills they need to help them to integrate into the community
What does this study show about helping prisoners plan their return to the community?
It addresses some of the points raised in Azjen’s model and increases the likelihood of success
