Gilded Age Review

Question 1

Age of Invention

Answer 1

• 1870 to 1940, the time period when there were lots of new inventions

Question 2

Monopoly

Answer 2

• the exclusive control over a trade or business

Question 3

Trust -

Answer 3

A trust is a legal arrangement in which a group of companies turns over their stock to a board of trustees, who then manage the companies as a single entity.

Question 4

Carnegie/Rockefeller/Morgan

Answer 4

• carnegie steel, rockefeller standard oil company, morgan railroads

Question 4

Vanderbilt

Answer 4

• built his wealth in railroads and shipping

Question 5

Horizontal Integration (Rockefeller)

Answer 5

• when a company merges/acquires another company that is in the same industry and is in the same money bracket

Question 6

Vertical Integration (Carnegie) -

Answer 6

when an ownership takes ownership of multiple stages of a products development

Question 7

Social Darwinism

Answer 7

• the idea that people become more powerful in society because they are innately better

Question 8

Gospel of Wealth

Answer 8

• the theory that the richest people should actively engage in philanthropy

Question 9

Interstate Commerce Act 1887 -

Answer 9

addressed the problem of railroad monopolies by setting guidelines for how they could do business

Question 10

Why were the railroad companies hated?

Answer 10

• because they believed them to be dangerous and obnoxious, they also wouldn’t always publicly post their rates and the rates would be more expensive for some people than they would for others

Question 11

National Labor Union

Answer 11

• made to improve the rights and working conditions of workers

Question 12

Haymarket Square Riot

Answer 12

• a bomb went off after police broke up a group of labor unionists, both police officers and unionists were injured or died

Question 12

Knights of Labor (Terrance Powderly)

Answer 12

• The organization campaigned for an eight-hour work day, the abolition of child labor, improved safety in factories, equal pay for men and women, and compensation for on-the-job injury, howardly was the head of the union

Question 13

Great Railroad strike

Answer 13

• wages were cut for workers which led to a strike, briefly paralyzed the countries commerce

Question 14

Homestead Strike

Answer 14

• strike in carnegie’s steel company, 16 people died and many more were injured

Question 15

American Federation of Labor (AFL) (Samuel Gompers)

Answer 15

• the first federation of labor unions in the united states

Question 16

Morrill Land Grant Act

Answer 16

• made it possible for states to establish public colleges funded by the development or sale of associated federal land grants

Question 16

Segregation (Jim Crow Laws)

Answer 16

• a set of mandates that separated the black and white, this included schools, parks, water fountains, buses, etc.

Question 16

Closed shop

Answer 16

• a form of union security agreement where the employer agrees to hire only labor union members

Question 17

Literacy tests/poll tax/grandfather clause/KKK

Answer 17

• a set of rules that controlled who could vote, they would be rigged to only allow white people to vote

Question 17

Homestead Act of 1862

Answer 17

• said that any citizen who had never borne arms against the U.S. could apply to claim 160 acres of land

Question 18

Plessy v Ferguson 1898 -

Answer 18

said that segregation was legal and constitutional as long as the facilities for both races were equal in quality

Question 19

Pendleton Act 1883 -

Answer 19

stated that government jobs had to be awarded by merit and not political affiliation

Question 20

Suffrage (Susan B. Anthony) *Wyoming 1869 - suffrage:

Answer 20

the right to vote, Susan B. Anthony: a women’s rights activist and an abolitionist, wyoming 1869: John Campbell passed the first law that said women could vote in his state

Question 21

“Waving the Bloody shirt” (U.S. Grant)

Answer 21

• a term used to ridicule politicians who brought up topics of the civil war in political campaigns that should l be put aside by now

Question 21

Rise and hatred of immigrants -

Answer 21

many people didn’t like them because they were afraid the immigrants would take the jobs and be paid less, so citizens would end up being laid off or payed less, people also had fears of communism and other foreign concepts of government

Question 22

Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 -

Answer 22

provided a 10 year ban on Chinese immigrants coming to the U.S.

Question 23

James Blaine v Grover Cleveland

Answer 23

• Blaine was nominated by the republicans, cleveland was nominated by the democrats, the independent republicans supported cleveland (mugwumps) which costed Blaine the election

Question 24

Protective Tariffs

Answer 24

• taxes put on imported goods in order to protect a countries economy and products

Question 25

Thomas Reed and the Billion Dollar Congress

Answer 25

• when president Harrison created a federal budget for congress of a billion dollars

Question 26

Depression of 1893

Answer 26

• one of the most severe financial crisis in the history of the U.S., was caused by agricultural depression and the draining of gold in the national treasury

Question 27

Morgan bailing out U.S. govt -

Answer 27

Morgan persuaded Cleveland to take out a 63 million dollar loan to get the country back on its feet