Gilded Age

Question 1

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 1

• Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist
• Carnegie Steel Company
• His company dominated the American steel industry

Question 2

Robber Barons

Answer 2

industrialists/big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages
- drove competitors out of business by selling cheaper to produce products
- controlled the market to hike prices above original price

Question 3

Depression of 1873

Answer 3

• caused by over expansive tendencies of railroad builders and businessmen during immediate postwar doom
• triggered by economic downturns in Europe + failure of Jay Cooke’s bank

Question 4

Ghost Dance

Answer 4

Sioux ritual performed to bring back the buffalo + return the NA tribes to their land

Question 5

Dawes Act

Answer 5

• 1887 law
• all Native American males given 160 acres to farm and set up schools
• used to make NA children more like other Americans

Question 6

Wounded Knee Massacre

Answer 6

• December 1890
• Army troops captured some of Sitting Bull’s followers and took them to a camp
• 300 Sioux men, women, and children were killed

Question 7

Bonanza Farms

Answer 7

large scale farms often over 50,000 acres, where farmers set up companies to operate

Question 7

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 7

• 1882
• Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate

Question 8

Machine Politics

Answer 8

organizational style of local politics where party bosses traded jobs, money, and favors for voters and campaign support

Question 9

Pendleton Service Act

Answer 9

• 1883
• created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage

Question 10

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Answer 10

• large number of railroad workers went on strike because of wage cuts
• after a month of strikes, President Hayes sent troops to stop the strike
• example of how government always sided with employers over works in the Gilded Age
• worst railroad violence in Pittsburgh, 40 people killed by the militia

Question 11

Knights of Labor

Answer 11

• led by Terence V. Powderly
• open-membership policy extending to unskilled, semiskilled, women, African-Americans, immigrants
• GOAL: create a cooperative society between in which labors owned the industries in which they worked

Question 12

Haymarket Affair

Answer 12

• 1886
• incident that made union (particularly the Knights of Labor) look violent
• bomb exploded during a protest of striking workers

Question 13

Bourbon Triumvirate (GA)

Question 14

Lost Cause (GA)

Question 15

Convict Lease System (GA)