GIEL Topic 1 & 2

Question 1

Local communities supporting nature areas + example

Answer 1

• Tend to the health of nearby nature areas, ensure plants
  and animals thrive
• Raise awareness by encouraging positive behaviour
• Green Wave campaign educate youth on the importance of protecting nature areas

Question 2

Nature areas benefitting people (3x)

Answer 2

• Lower air temperature:
  = vegetation provides shade by reducing amt of sunlight
  reaching the surface
  = evapotranspiration releases water vapor into
  surroundings, cooling it
• Removal of pollutants:
  =During photosynthesis, vegetation absorbs CO2 and other air pollutants, release O2
  = small particles also intercepted by stomata in the leaves and gets washed away when it rains
• Provision of recreational Space
  = NParks Therapeutic Gardens allow frequent interactions that improve mental health

Question 3

Disadvantages people bring to nature (4x + example)

Answer 3

• cause soil compaction when hiking/cycling along non-designated trails, water is unable to infiltrate, causing higher surface flows
• trample vegetation and affect growth
• worsen pollution by littering
• affect wildlife as wildlife may choke or suffocate as they mistake litter for food. feeding wildlife also may cause it to lose its natural aggressiveness and hunting ability
  = Bukit Timah Nature Reserve had to be close down for a while because of damage by hikers/cyclists

Question 4

Disadvantages nature brings to people (4x + example)

Answer 4

• Urban expansion causes land developers to cut into wildlife habitats and wildlife venture into cities in search of food and shelter
• Greening efforts by state aims for nature to be brought back to the city
• Environmental Protection may be perceived as limiting development
  = Cross Island MRT Line

Question 5

Define space

Answer 5

a space is a location that people associate special meanings or memories with

Question 6

How does one acquire a sense of place (2x + examples for both)

Answer 6

• Repeated encounter with people or objects help us recall features and characters
  = Yakult aunty that comes biweekly
• Significant memories/events may serve symbolical or historical purposes
  = Floating Platform near and dear to many Singaporeans because it was where many NDPs were held

Question 7

How is a sense of place represented? (+ example)

Answer 7

Use of media (texts, audios, graphics) and shared with others through various media types
=#sgmemory used for users to share photographs of their early SG days

Question 8

How are regions classified (3x + examples for each)

Answer 8

Environmental characteristics: Little Guilin
Human characteristics: commercial areas vs residential areas in Jurong
Geographical location: Northern Sengkang , Southern Sengkang

Question 9

what are spatial patterns(+ example)

Answer 9

Non random arrangements that are recognizable and shapes, clusters and geometry
= Circle line on train map

Question 10

A spatial hierarchy in Singapore

Answer 10

Town > Precinct > Neighborhood > Residential Unit

Question 11

What is a precinct

Answer 11

Btw 400-800 residential units with facilities in close proximity

Question 12

Indicators of level of development

Answer 12

• economic: GDP per capita
• social: Adult Literacy Rate, Life Expectancy

Question 13

How can urban neighborhoods achieve economic sustainability

Answer 13

economic: more business=more job opportunities = higher revenue

Question 14

How can urban neighborhoods achieve social sustainability

Answer 14

ensure residents have a sense of identity, fostered through shared community spaces to promote social interactions
= Residents Network

Question 15

How to environmentally sustain a neighborhood

Answer 15

1) ample protection for nature, so wildlife can thrive in urban spaces
2) have facilities that support waste minimization and recycling (Bloobin initiative)
3) Energy and water efficient design approach

Question 16

Ecosystem services (4x)

Answer 16

• Provisioning: tangible resources such as food and water (Urban community gardens grow food @ Tampines HDB rooftop)
• Regulating: benefits obtained from ecosystem processes (Bishan Ang Mo Kio Park)
• Cultural: intangible resources, education and experiences (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve)
• Supporting: necessary for all other services (photosynthesis)

Question 17

Fire hazards and health impacts
and consequences

Answer 17

• unattended cooking and faulty appliances
  = burn injuries or respiratory diseases
  = property damage

Question 18

Air pollution hazards and impacts

Answer 18

due to the presence of contaminants in the air, causes respiratory diseases

Question 19

traffic hazards and impacts

Answer 19

speeding, red-lights running, drink-driving
caused by irresponsible moments who put themselves and others at risks

Question 20

Environmental Stewardship

Answer 20

actions taken by people to protect or care for the environment
- NParks promotes volunteerism through Friends of the Parks

Question 21

Disaster Risk

Answer 21

likelihood of damage to properties, injuries or loss of lives
- nature of hazards
-vulnerability
-exposure

Question 22

Disaster Risk Management

Answer 22

plans or actions taken to prevent new risks and strengthens community resilience

Question 23

Community resilience

Answer 23

resist, adapt and recover from impact of disasters effectively through:
- Strengthen relationships among residents and raise awareness of potential hazards
- Develop residents ability organize and equip themselves with resources to adapt to recover from a disaster

Question 24

C