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Pharmacology Exam 4 > GI Tract Drugs > Flashcards

GI Tract Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

non drug therapy

A

changing eating patterns (frequent small meals and reduce fluctuating pH)
avoid smoking
avoid use of NSAIDs and aspirin
decrease alcohol consumption
reduce stress/anxiety (no hard evidence)

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2
Q

antibiotic therapy examples

A

amoxicillin
clarithromycin (biaxin)
bismuth (pepto-bismol)
tetracycline
metronidazole (flagyl)

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3
Q

antibiotic therapy action

A

attack bacteria

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4
Q

antibiotic therapy use

A

infection from H Pylori

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5
Q

antibiotic therapy SE

A

nausea
diarrhea

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6
Q

antibiotic therapy consideration

A

2 or more are used for H pylori resistant

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7
Q

antibiotic therapy or education

A

finish the whole prescription

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8
Q

proton pump inhibitors examples

A

omeprazole (prilosec)
rabeprazole (acipnex)
pantoprazole (protonix)
esomeprazole (nexium)

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9
Q

proton pump inhibitors action

A

binds to and inhibits enzymes on parietal cell membrane and moderates acid secretion

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10
Q

proton pump inhibitors uses

A

PUD
GERD
esophagitis
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

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11
Q

proton pump inhibitors SE

A

n/v (minimal)

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12
Q

proton pump inhibitors considerations

A

complications on long term use (cancer)
long lasting action
interactions are similar to cimetidine

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13
Q

histamine2 receptor antagonists examples

A

(-tidine)
cimetidine (tagamet)
ranitidine (zantac)
famotidine (pepcid)
nizatidine (axid)

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14
Q

histamine2 receptor antagonists prototype action

A

cimetidine: reduces volume of gastric and hydrogen ions

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15
Q

histamine2 receptor antagonists prototype SE

A

cimetidine:
HA
drowsiness
confusion
antiandreogenic effects (gynecomastia and low sperm count)

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16
Q

histamine2 receptor antagonists uses

A

acid reflux
1st choice treatment

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17
Q

histamine2 receptor antagonists considerations

A

half eliminated by kidneys; rest metabolized by liver and excreted by kidneys
drug interactions (warfarin, theophylline, phenytoin —> seizures)
ranitidine and famotidine have similar action, but are more potent, and have less SE and drug interactions

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18
Q

histamine2 receptor antagonists pt education

A

avoid grapefruit juice (CP450)

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19
Q

ulcer coating drugs example

A

sucralfate (carafate)

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20
Q

ulcer coating drugs action

A

coating protects from damaging effects of stomach acid

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21
Q

ulcer coating drugs route

A

PO or suspension

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22
Q

ulcer coating drugs SE

A

constipation

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23
Q

ulcer coating drugs considerations

A

needs to be take without food or other medication (1 hour before meals or other meds)
only short term use

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24
Q

ulcer coating drugs pt education

A

do not take with foods or other meds

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25
Q

antacids example

A

mylanta (prototype) (Mg compound)
pepto bismol (alkaline compound)

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26
Q

antacids use

A

acid reflux
PUD
esophagitis

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27
Q

antacids action

A

neutralize stomach acid
increase prostaglandin synthesis
reduce pepsin activity (for pH >5)

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28
Q

antacids SE

A

constipation
diarrhea
high Na (electrolyte imbalances)

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29
Q

antacids considerations

A

contraindicated in renal patients
poorly absorbed

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30
Q

what is misoprostol (cytotec)

A

synthetic form of prostaglandin E

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31
Q

misoprostol (cytotec) action

A
  1. suppress acid
  2. promote mucus secretion
  3. maintain blood flow
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32
Q

misoprostol (cytotec) use

A

US: approved for prevention of gastric ulcers caused by long term use of NSAIDs
Other countries: peptic ulcers not related to the use of NSAIDs

33
Q

misoprostol (cytotec) adverse effects

A

diarrhea
abdominal cramping

34
Q

misoprostol (cytotec) considerations

A

do not use during pregnancy (fetal demise)

35
Q

bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismul) action

A

disrupts cell wall of H pylori
inhibits prostaglandin synthesis to decrease GI motility

36
Q

bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismul) uses

A

diarrhea
constipation
heartburn

37
Q

bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismul) SE

A

discoloration of tongue (black tongue)
darkened stool

38
Q

bismuth subsalicylate (pepto bismul) considerations

A

not to be used with ASA (aspirin) allergy

39
Q

laxatives versus cathartics

A

laxatives: promotes passage of stool by gradually softening it (slower/formed soft stool)
cathartics: promotes elimination (faster/watery stool)

40
Q

types of laxatives and cathartics

A

bulk-forming laxatives
surfactant laxatives
stimulant laxatives
saline cathartics
other: lactulose

41
Q

bulk-forming laxatives example

A

methylcellulose (citrucel)
psyllium (metamucil)

42
Q

bulk-forming laxatives action

A

absorbs water to promote peristalsis

43
Q

bulk-forming laxatives uses

A

can be used for diarrhea (more formed)

44
Q

bulk-forming laxatives considerations

A

produces stool in 1-3 days
mix metamucil with min of 240 mL of water

45
Q

surfactant laxatives example

A

docusate sodium (colace)

46
Q

surfactant laxatives action

A

softens stool by facilitating penetration of water into intestines

47
Q

stimulant laxatives example

A

bisacodyl (suppository)
castor oil
senna

48
Q

stimulant laxatives action

A

stimulates peristalsis and softens feces

49
Q

saline cathartics example

A

magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)
polyethylene glycol (miralax)
polyethylene glycol solution (CoLyte and GoLYTELY)

50
Q

saline cathartics action

A

retains water and softens stool (causes fecal mass to swell)

51
Q

saline cathartics considerations

A

works in 6-12 hours
can cause loose watery stool

52
Q

other laxatives: lactulose SE and considerations

A

SE: flatulence, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea
considerations: poorly absorbed and more expensive

53
Q

opiate-related antidiarrheal agents example

A

diphenoxylate with atropine (lomotil)

54
Q

opiate-related antidiarrheal agents action

A

slows peristalsis

55
Q

opiate-related antidiarrheal agents uses

A

mid-severe diarrhea

56
Q

opiate-related antidiarrheal agents adverse effects

A

HA
flushing
increased HR
dry mouth/throat

57
Q

opiate-related antidiarrheal agents considerations

A

should not be used for specific diarrheal causes (cdiff)
other drugs: paregoric or loperamide (demerol): synthetic form of meperidine (demerol)
- discontinue after 48 hours (can cause arrhythmias)

58
Q

antiemetics (antimuscarinics) example

A

scopolamine, related to atropine

59
Q

antiemetics (antimuscarinics) route

60
Q

antiemetics (antimuscarinics) uses

A

motion sickness

61
Q

antiemetics (antimuscarinics) SE

A

dry mouth
blurred vision

62
Q

phenothiazines for n/v example

A

antipsychotic
promethazine (promethegan)

63
Q

phenothiazines for n/v: antipsychotic action/uses

A

action: suppress CNS (decrease dopamine)
uses: prevent chemo-induced N/V

64
Q

phenothiazines for n/v: promethazine (promethegan) action

A

prototype
action: blocks dopamine from receptor sites

65
Q

antihistamine example

A

hydroxyzine (H2 receptor blocking agent)

66
Q

antihistamine action

A

block action of ACh in the brain

67
Q

antihistamine uses

68
Q

antihistamine SE

A

CNS depression

69
Q

antihistamine pt education

A

caution with operating machinery

70
Q

5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists example

A

ondansetron (zofran)

71
Q

5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists action

A

inhibit the activation of serotonin receptors

72
Q

5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists route

73
Q

5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists use

A

commonly used for post-op

74
Q

5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists considerations

A

interactions: apomorphine, QT longing meds,

75
Q

inflammatory bowel disease drug examples

A

glucocorticoids: decreases inflammation
immunomodulators: moderated immune system
aminosolicylates: sulfasalazine (azulfidine), mesalamine, olsalazine, balsalazide

76
Q

what is sulfasalazine (azulfidine)

A

it is an aminosalicylate

77
Q

sulfasalazine (azulfidine) action

A

one component works to reduce inflammation by prostaglandin suppression

78
Q

sulfasalazine (azulfidine) uses

A

most effective for acute episodes of mild-moderate colitis (not severe)

79
Q

sulfasalazine (azulfidine) SE

A

joint pain/discomfort

Pharmacology Exam 4 (3 decks)

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