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Pharmacology Exam 4 > CHD Drugs > Flashcards

CHD Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Nonpharmaceutical Treatment

A
  1. decrease risk factors (changing lifestyle/diet or increase activity)
  2. pt education (knowing the risks)
  3. cardiovascular (stenting)
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2
Q

Nitrate Examples

A

Nitroglycerin (Nitro-Bid)
Isosorbide Dinitrate (Isordil)
Isosorbide Mononitrate (Imdur)

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3
Q

Nitrate Routes

A

Oral (50-60% absorbed)
IV (no absorption needed)
Sublingual (100% absorbed Onset: 1-3 minutes) (best)
Ointment
Transdermal Disk (absorption varies with site)

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4
Q

Nitrate Action

A

relaxes smooth muscle, promotes vasodilation

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5
Q

Nitrate Uses

A

relief of sudden chest pain

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6
Q

Nitrates SE

A

headaches
hypotension
reflex tachycardia

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7
Q

Nitrates Complications

A

Severe Anemia
Hypotension
Hypovolemia
ICH (HTN, bradycardia, irregular breathing)

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8
Q

Nitrates Considerations

A

skin irritation
tolerance build up
availability
interaction with vitamin c

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9
Q

Nitrates Pt Education

A

Vitamin C interaction
do not carry in pocket!

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10
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers Example

A

Diltiazem (cardizem)

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11
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers Action

A

promote vasodilation by inhibiting calcium
(decreases refractory period of AV node —> decreases ventricular response —> decreases HR)

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12
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers Uses

A

HTN Management

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13
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers SE

A

bradycardia
hypotension
headache
dizziness

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14
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers Considerations

A

monitor BP & HR

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15
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers Pt Education

A

Change positions slowly (bp may drop d/t orthostatic hypotension)
Avoid grapefruit juice

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16
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Example

A

Sotalol (betapace)

17
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Action

A

prolongs cardiac action potential (does not interfere with vasodilation or bronchoconstriction) (lengthen QT interval)

18
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Uses

A

HTN (pt less than 50)

19
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers SE

A

arrhythmias
chest pain
palpitations
fatigue
dizziness
hypotension
bradycardia
HF
cardiac ischemia
bronchospasm
thyroid abnormalities
hypoglycemia

20
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Considerations

A

dosing is determined by evaluating renal function
monitor BP & HR

21
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Pt Education

A

orthostatic hypotension
masking the signs of hypoglycemia (diabetes pts take extra caution)

22
Q

Ranolazine (Ranexa) Action

A

unknown, reduces Na and Ca within myocardial cells

23
Q

Ranolazine (Ranexa) Uses

A

first line tx for CHD

24
Q

Ranolazine (Ranexa) Adverse Effects

A

HTN
QT interval prolonging (Mg can be given for reversal)
multiple drug interactions

25
Q

Ranolazine (Ranexa) Considerations

A

not as effective in women

26
Q

MONA Therapy

A

M: morphine (chest pain)
O: oxygen (improve supply for demand)
N: nitrate (vasodilation)
A: aspirin (improve blood flow)

Pharmacology Exam 4 (3 decks)

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