Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI Week 2 > GI Tract and Vessels > Flashcards

GI Tract and Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the portions of the stomach in order?

A

cardiac orifice (with cardiac sphincter)
fundus (spits up above where the esophagus enters)
Body
Pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the portions of the pylorus?

A

pyloric antrum
pyloric canal
pyloric sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the folds of mucosa inside the stomach called?

A

rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Does a paraesophageal hiatal hernia usually pop out anterior or posterior to the esophagus?

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do symptoms of a sliding hiatal hernia and paraesophageal hiatal hernia differ?

A

sliding: reflux
paraesophageal: pain, nausea, vomiting, no reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three portions of the small intestine?

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s the total length of the small intestine? How much can be resected out and still be compatible with life?

A

6-7 meters!

you can take out up to a 1/3 and still be compatible with life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the small intestine is intraperitoneal?

A

only the first part of the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The jejunum and ileum are suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by what?

A

mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the duodenum molded around?

A

the head of the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the relationship of the duodenum or th elesser and greater omentum?

A

the lesser omentum attaches to it’s upper border and the greater omentum attaches to its lower border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The duodenal cap or bulb is a radiological shadowing visible upon x=ray. Why is it clinically significant?

A

common site for peptic ulcers

80% of peptic ulcers occur here!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can ulcers in the duodenal cap lead to massive hemorrhage?

A

if they erode thorugh the wall in this area they can perforate the gastroduodenal artery

(note - can also erode through to the pancreas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What suspends the fourth part of the duodenum from the right crux of the diaphragm?

A

the suspensory ligament

or ligament of Treitz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What portion of the duodenum receives the openings of the bile duct and pancreatic sucts?

A

the second portion

descending portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the term for the end of the duodenum and start of the jejunum?

A

the duodenojejunal flexure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s the term for where the jejunum ends and the cecum starts

A

ileocecal junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where are peyer’s patches located?

A

only in the ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which is often empty: jejunum or ileum?

A

jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or false: the ileum is thicker, redder and mroe vascular in the living person than the jejunum?

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe what happens to the plicae circularis as you progress through the jejunum and ileum?

A

they are large and welld eveloped in the upper jejunum and gradually disappear by the time you get to the terminal ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which section has more arterial arcades in the mesentery?

A

the ileum

also shorter and more ocmplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do the jejunum and ileum compare in terms of how much fat is located at the mesenteric border?

A

areas of the mesentery are nearly fat-free near the mesenteric border of the jejunum as compared to the ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the outer longitudinal muscle fibers confined to three parallel bands in the large intestine?

A

teniae coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What do we call the sacculations between the teniae coli?
haustra
26
What do we call the small sacs of fat covered with peritoneum around the large intestine?
appendices epiploicae
27
Which has a larger internal diameter: small or large intestine?
large intestine...surprise surprise
28
What areas are encompassed in the ileocecal junction?
the cecum ileocecal orifice appendix
29
What is the cecum?
just a blind sac covered by peritoneum located in the RLQ into which the terminal ileum and appendix enter
30
True or false: the ileocecal valve probalby has little sphincteric action
true
31
Is the appendix usually in front of or behind the cecum?
usually retrocecal - in about 64% of people
32
The base of the appendix usually lies lateral to what point?
McBurney's point (junction of the lateral and middle thirds of a line joining the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus)
33
Where is pain initially felt in appendicitis?
pain is initially referred to the umbilicus later it moves over McBurney's point and felt as rebound tenderness
34
The ascending colon extends from where to where?
from the cecum to the right colic flexure
35
the ascending colon extends in what area? Intraperiteonal or retroperitoneal?
rtroperitroneally in the right paracolic groove
36
What mesentery fuses the transverse colon to the posterior surface of the greater omentum, suspending it form the posterior abdominal wall?
the transverse mesocolon
37
The Descending colon extends from where to where?
from the left colic flexure to the brim of the plevis where it joints the sigmoid colon
38
What area does the descending colon pass through?
retroperitoneally in the left paracolic groove
39
The sigmoid colon extends from where to where? What leevel is this?
from the descending colon to the rectum at S3
40
What part of the GI tract does ulcerative colitis affect?
the colon and rectum
41
What sugery is sometimes required for ulcerative colitis?
a total colectomy after which an ileostomy is made
42
In what part of the colon are diverticuli most commonly found?
in the sigmoid
43
All blood supply to the GI tract comes off what?
the abdominal aorta
44
At what level does the celiac trunk come off the abdominal aorta?
T12
45
The celiac trunk immediately divides into what 3 branches?
the left gastric common hepatic splenic
46
The left gastric goes to what area?
the lesser curvature of the stomach
47
What branches come off the left gastric and enter the thorax to anastomose with branches from the thoracic aorta?
the esopahgeal branches
48
What are the two branches of the common hepatic?
1. hepatic artery proper | 2. gastroduodenal artery
49
What are the 4 branches of the hepatic artery proper?
right gastric to the lesser curvature left hepatic to left lobe of liver right hepatic to right lobe of liver cystic artery to the gallbladder
50
What are the three branches of the gastroduodenal artery off the common hepatic?
supraduodenal superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries right gastro-omental
51
How does the splenic artery off the celiac trunk reach the spleen?
it's a tortuous course above the pancreas in the lienorenal ligament
52
What are the three branches of the splenic artery?
pancreatic branches short gastric (to fundus) left gastro-omental (to lesser curve)
53
What major artery arises from the abdominal aorta 1 cm below the celiac trunk at L1?
the superior mesenteric artery
54
The superior mesenteric artery immediately enters what?
the mesentery of the small bowel
55
What branches does the superior mesenteric artery give off to the small intestine?
inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries jejunal branches ileal branches
56
What branches does the superior mesenteric artery give off to the large intestine?
ileocolic right colic middle colic
57
What artery comes off the abdominal aorta below the superior mesenteric artery, about 1.5 inches above the bifurcation at L3?
the inferior mesenteric artery
58
What branch off the inferior mesenteric artery will anatomose with the middle colic off the superior mesenteric?
the left colic artery
59
What's the termination of the inferior mesenteric artery?
the superior rectal artery
60
What artery forms an anastomosis between the colic arteries and runs in the concave margin of the large intestine?
the marginal artery
61
Venous drainage from the gut passes thorugh where?
the liver capillary beds 9portal system) before reaching the right atrium
62
True or false: the portal veins are valveless.
true
63
What are the two main components of the hepatic portal system?
splenic vein and portal vein
64
What veins does the splenic vein receive?
short gastric L gastroepiploic pancreatic veins inferior mesenteric veins
65
What does the splenic vein join with to form the portal vein?
superior mesenteric vein
66
What connects the left portal vein to the IVC?
ligamentum venosum - a remnant of the fetal ductus venosus
67
What are the 5 (6 in fetus) portal-systemic (caval) anatomoses?
1. esophageal tributaries of azygos with esophageal tributaries of L gastric vein 2. paraumbilical veins with superior/inferior/superficial branches of epigastric veins 3. superior rectal vein and middle/inferior rectal veins 4 retroperiteonal veins with colic veins 5. veins in bare area of liver with diaphragmatic veins 6. in fetus - ductus venosus
68
What's the clinical significance of the esophagela tributaries of the azygos anastomosing with the esophageal tributaries of the left gastric vein?
esophageal varices
69
WHat's the clinical significance of the paraumbilical veins of the portal system meeting with the superior/inferior/superficial branches of th eepigastric veins?
engorement produces varicose veins around the umbilicus called caput medusae
70
What's the clinical significance of the anastomosis between the sueprior rectal vein and middle and inferior rectal veins?
internal hemorrhoids
71
What are some causes of portal hypertension?
liver cirrhosis or tumor
72
What are some clinical manifestations of portal hypertension?
ascites GI bleeding from varices and hemorrhoids splenomegaly caput medusae
73
What receives lymph from the abdomen?
the cisterna chyli

GI Week 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions