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Histology MD1 block 2 > Gi tract > Flashcards

Gi tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the digestive accessory structures?

A
  • tongue
  • teeth
  • salivary glands
  • pancreas
  • liver
    • gallbladder
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2
Q

What is the portion of the tongue that divides the anterior 2/3 and posterios 1/3?

A

Sulcus terminalis

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3
Q

Where is the filiform papilae and what kind of cell type?

A

it is located on the dorsal surface of the tongue and consist of stratified sqaumous keratinized epithelium

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4
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the ventral surface of the tongue?

A

stratified squamous non-keratized

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5
Q

How are the intrinisce muscle of the tongue arranged?

A
  • superior longitudinal (SL),
  • vertical (V),
  • inferior longitudinal (IL),
  • horizontal
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6
Q

What covers the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A

papillae- irregularities and elevations of mucosa

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7
Q

What are the four specialized mucosa of the tongue?

A
  • filiform papillae
  • fungiform papillae
  • circumvallate papillae
  • foliate papillae
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8
Q

What kind of papillae is this and describe some key features?

A
  • Filiform papillae
    • most numerous and smallest
    • conical
    • elongated projections of connective tissues covered with stratified squamous
    • no taste buds present
    • anterior doral surface of the tongue
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9
Q

What kind of papillae is the most numerous, conical, smallest of the four?

A

filiform papillae

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10
Q

Does filiform paplillae contain taste buds?

A

No

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11
Q

What kind of papillae is present?

A
  • Fungiform papillae
    • mushroom shaped
    • doral surface of the tongue
    • more numerous near the tip of the tongue
    • taste buds are present in the epithelium
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12
Q

What is a distinguishing feature betwwen circumvallate and fungiform papillae?

A

in fungiform the taste buds are near the tip while in circumvallate they are in the lateral surface of the bud?

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13
Q

What kind of papillae is present and what are some important characteristics?

A
  • large, dome shaped
  • anterior to sulcus terminalis
  • 8-12 in humans
  • surrounded by a moat-like space lined with stratified squamous epilthelium
  • (taste buds line the cleft and appear to look white in color (small white circles)
    *
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14
Q

Describe this picture

A

The base of the circumvallate papilla (Cp), the surrounding moat (M), and the wall of the groove are evident in this photomicrograph. The glands of von Ebner (GE) deliver their serous secretions via short ducts (Du) into the base of the moat. Observe the rich vascular (BV) and nerve (N) supply to this region. Numerous taste buds (TB) populate the epithelium of the lateral aspect of the circumvallate papilla. Each taste bud possesses a taste pore (arrows) through which taste hairs (microvilli) protrude into the groove.

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15
Q

What are the ducts of the lingual salivary glands?

A

Von Ebner’s glands - they function to deposit a serous secretion into the moat.

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16
Q

What do you find on the lateral surface of the circumvallate?

A

contain many taste buds

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17
Q

Describe the characteristic features of taste buds?

A
  • pale- staining
  • extend through thickness of epithelium
  • have a small opening of epithelial surface - taste pore
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18
Q

What are the three types of taste buds?

A
  • neuroepithelial cells
  • supporting cells
  • basal cells
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19
Q

What are the four distinct layers of the Alimentary Canal?

A
  • mucosa
  • submusoca
  • muscularis
  • serosa (adventitia)
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20
Q

What are the three layers of the Tunica Mucosa?

A
  • lining epithelial sheet
  • lamina propria
  • muscularis mucosa
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21
Q

What are the functions of the epithelium layer of the mucosa?

A
  1. facilitates passage of the bolus
  2. provide a selectively permeable barrier between body and external environment
  • epithelium absorbs products of digestion and transports it to vascular system
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22
Q

Describe the mucosa- lamina propria?

A
  • contains glands
  • components of the immune system
  • vessels to recieve absorbed substances
    • vessels are fenestrated (capilaries)
    • absorption occurs in small and large intestine
    • numerous lymphatic capillaries : receive lipids and some proteins.
23
Q

What is the mucosa - muscularis mucosae?

A
  • forms bounary between mucosa and submucosa
  • deepest portion of mucosa
  • has 2 layers -
    • inner circular
    • outer longitudinal
      • can produce movement of mucosa independent of entire gut wall.
24
Q

What muscle layer of mucosa-muscularis helps produce movement of mucosa independent of stomach wall?

A

outer longitudinal

25
Q

What does the submucosa consist of?

A
  • moderately dense irregular connective tissue
  • larger blood vessels that send branches to mucosa, to muscularis externa and serosa
  • also contain lymphatics
26
Q
  • Which area of the submucosa contains glands?
A

esophagus and inital part of duodenum is the only place with glands in the submucosa

27
Q

What does the submucosal plexus do and where is it found?

A

innervates the smooth muscle and is called

MEISSNER’s plexus

found in submucosal

top layer is Meissner’s plexus (large nuclei and large ganglion cells and nerve fibers), elongate aggregate of large cells, encapsulated and wedged in layers of smooth muscle (only found in submucosa)

28
Q

What is the muscularis externa?

A
  • also called MUSCULARIS
  • two concentric thick layers of smooth muscle
    • circular layer - tight spiral inner layer
    • longitudinal layer - outer loose spital
    • contains the MYENTERIC plexus or AUERBACH’s plexus which is part of the enteric devision of the autonomic NS
29
Q

Where is the myenteric plexus located and what is another name for it?

A

Auerbach’s plexus located in muscularis externa between the two muscles.

part of the enteric NS

30
Q

What is in the center of this picture?

A

Myenteric plexus (AUERBACH’s Plexus)

31
Q

What is Hirschsprung Disease?

Another name

A
  • Congenital mega colon
  • is a mutation in 1/4 genes affecting neurocrest cell development to distal colon
  • creates absence of enteric nervous system
    • no innervation to the intestines so cannot pass stool.
      *
32
Q

What is serosa?

A

Mesothelium membrane contain simple squamous epithelium

lines the peritoneum

33
Q

Which organs do not have serosa and what do they contain instead?

A
  • Extraperitoneal organs - esophagus, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon
    • covered with adventitia instead
34
Q

What is Adventitia?

A

Adventitia is loose connective tissue in the extraperitoneal organs the blends with the connective tissue of surrounding structures.

35
Q

Describe the characteristics of the esphagus?

A
  • narrowest part of alimentary path
  • most muscular segments
  • lumen normally collapsed by tonus of muscularis externa - throws mucose into longitudinal folds.
  • confirms to “typical” 4-layered alimentary tube structure
  • has three constrictions
36
Q

What are the two glands of the esphagus? What layer is each found in?

A
  • submucosa - esophageal glands
  • lamina porpria - esophageal cardiac glands
37
Q

What kind of tissue lines the esophagus?

A

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

38
Q

What characteristic of the esophagus helps propel food rapidly and what layer of the tissue?

A
  • Muscularis externa is thick with striated muscle in upper portion (peristalsis)
39
Q

What part of the body is this tissue and describe some distinguishing features? What is in the circle?

A
  • circle - submucosal glands
  • esophagus
  • Cross section of the tube. Highly muscular. Lumen, stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa, submucosa (circle), smooth/skeletal muscle.
40
Q

What layer of the esophagus muscularis externa consists of striated muscle?

A

upper 1/3

41
Q

What layer of the esophagus muscularis mucosa consists of striated and smooth muscles?

A

middle third

42
Q

What is the layer of the esophagus that consist of smooth mucle?

A

last third muscularis externa

43
Q

Does esophagus have an adventia layer or serosa layer?

A

advnetia

44
Q

What is the purpose of the esophageal glands proper?

A
  • glands in submucosa
  • cover upper half of esophagus
  • produces a slightly acidic and lubricates lumen
45
Q

Where is this picture and describe some key features?

A

Photomicrograph of a section of the upper region of the esophagus. Mucous esophageal glands are in the submucosa; striated skeletal muscle is in the muscularis. PAS and PT stain. Low magnification.

46
Q

What are the esophageal cardiac glands?

A
  • occus in LAMINA PROPRIA
  • similar to stomach cardiac glands
  • found in the terminal part of the esophagus
  • produces neutral mucous - portect against regurgitated material
47
Q

What is this picture?

A
  • transition between esophagus and stomach
  • Transition from esophagus to the cardia stomach. Stratified squamous, cardiac glands. Rougher surface than the rest of the stomach. Bottom is the cardiac stomach.
48
Q

What is Barret’s esophagus?

A
  • abnormal changes (metaplasia) in the cells of the lower end of the esophagus
  • caused by damage from chronic acid exposure
  • normally squamous epithelium replaced with columnar epithelium
49
Q

What are esophageal varicosities?

A

submucosal viens form portocaval anastomosis and when these are subjected to increase pressure from portal hypertensive. can cause them to burst.

50
Q

Describe the inner surface of the stomach cavity

A
  • same organization as esophagus : mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.
  • inner surface has longitudinal folds called RUGAE
    • these temporary folds dissapear when the stomach is distended.
  • stomach lining absorbs
    • water
    • salts
    • lipid soluble drugs
    • alcohol
      • drugs
51
Q

What is an important distinguishing factor of the stomach?

A

gastric pits or faveolae

and

epithelium is simple columnar surface mucus cells

gastric glands empty into gastric pits

52
Q

Where is this located? Describe important parts of the picture?

A

gastric pits of the stomach

Invaginations are gastric pits. Glands are at the base, secrete at the pit, diffuses up to surface of the stomach epithelium

53
Q
A

Histology MD1 block 2 (2 decks)

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