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Microanatomy Unit 6 > GI Tract > Flashcards

GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 layers of the GI tract?

A

Mucosa, Submucosa, Muscularis Externa, Serosa or Adventitia

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2
Q

What is the function of the Mucosa

A

Protection
Absorption
Secretion

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3
Q

What is the function of the Submucosa?

A

In the duodenum and esophagus, it has glands

In its the periphery, the Meyenteric plexus is found

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the Muscularis externa?

A

To mix and propel intestinal contents

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5
Q

What does the mucosa consist of? the functions?

A

Lamina propria (loose connective tissue that contains blood and lymphatic vessels+tissues, connective tissue cells, and wandering cells in connective tissues such as plasma cells and eosinophils),

Epithelium,

Muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle that produces movement of mucosa creating ridges and valleys that facilitate absorption and secretion)

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6
Q

What kind of tissue is submucosa made of ?

A

Dense, irregular, connective- containing blood and lymphatic vessels and nerve plexus

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7
Q

Serosa vs. Adventitia. Who wins when?

A

Serosa when a simple squamous epithelium is present (the mesothelium)

Adventitatia when the part of the digestive tract is fixed directly to the abdominal or pelvic wall.

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8
Q

What are the four types of taste buds and their abundance in man? What cell types are they?

A

Filiform (none), Fungiform (few), Circumvallate (many), Foliate (many but not seen much in man)

All are stratified squamous except only Filiform is stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. (Taste buds have About 50-100 cells)

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9
Q

Where can tongue murcosal and serous galnds and adipose tissue be found?

A

in between skeletal muscle bundles

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10
Q

Where can esophageus glands proper be found? with what?

A

Submucosa of the esophagus along with connective tissues

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11
Q

Where are the esopogeal cardiac glands? What is the distance between them?

A

at either ends of the esophagus, 10 inches (25cm)

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12
Q

where is the esophageal adventitia and serosa?

A

above and below the diaphragm respectively.

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13
Q

What are the three major types of gastric mucosal glands?

A

Cardiac
Gastric or Fundic
Pyloric

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14
Q

What is the name for permanent invaginations into the lamina propria that serve as ducts for mucosal glands?

A

Gastric Pits

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15
Q

Order in pit length increasing

A

cardiac, gastric, pyloric

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16
Q

Of the gastric, pyloric, and cardia glands, which coil and which are straight?

A

Coiled: Cardiac and Pyloric
Straight: Gastric/Fundic

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17
Q

Describe the distribution of cell types according to glands of the stomach.

A

Pyloric glands: mostly mucous cells, few parietal cells, and few entereoendocrine cells that are hard to see
Gastric glands: mucous neck cells , parietal cells, chief cells, and enteroendocrine cells
Cardiac glands: Lysozyme and HCL producing cells

18
Q

Is there a serosa in the stomach?

A

yes

19
Q

What kind of mucus is secreted from mucous neck cells? surface mucous cells?

A

soluble; biarcabonate rich, alkaline mucus that is insoluble, cloudy, or visible

20
Q

Describe the structure of the Parietal cell and location

A
  • It has an intracellular canniculus for secretion of HCL
  • They can be binucleate
  • It is located in the middle and upper part of the gastric gland
21
Q

Describe the chief cell structure and location

A
  • serous cells
  • columnar shape
  • located in the basal half of gastric glands
22
Q

Describe the enteroendocrine cell location

A

base of gastric glands and individually dispersed

23
Q

what hormones are secreted by enteroendocrine cells?

A

gastrin
somatostatin
ghrelin

24
Q

Where are gastric stem cells found?

A

isthmus and neck of mucosal glands

25
Q

What cells are replaced by downward movement of stem cells? upward movement?

A

glandular cells; surface mucous cells

26
Q

What 3 structural modifications facilitate absorption in the GI ?

A

Increased lumenal surface area by
1- Plicae circularis (valves of Kerckring)- permanent transverse circular folds of mucosa and submucosa (2-3x)
2. Villi: finger-like or leaf like projections of surface epithelium and lamina propria (10x)
3. Microvilli: projections of the plasma membrane (20x)

27
Q

How is duodenum mucosa protected from gastric acid?

A

Brunner’s glands secrete alkaline mucous that protects the duodenum from stomach acid

This also provide optimum pH for pancreatic enzyme secretion.

28
Q

Where are Brunner’s glands found?

A

in the submucosa of the duodenum

29
Q

What are M Cells? It localizes what section of the GI tract?

A

M cells aka Microfold cells care a specialized epithelial that cover over Peyer’s patch and delivers lympohcytes that it takes ulp to cells in Peyer’s Patches (lymphatic nodules)

Peyer’s patch are only found in the ileum thus M cells are a marker for the ileum.
It’s basement membrane beneath is discontinous.

30
Q

What landmarks distinguish the duodenum from the ileum? the jejunum?

A

The duodenum has squared off villi. Villi become increasingly larger and more finger like starting at the jejunum to the ileum.

The ileum has more goblet cells than the duodenum.

The duodenum has adventitia (because it is retroperitoneal) while the jejunum has serosa.

31
Q

What morphological features distinguish the colon from the rectum or appendix?

A

The rectum resembles the colon but has NO Tania Coli (longitudinal smooth muscle) and LESS lymphoid tissue. T

he crypts and muscularis mucosae disappears in the rectum (Crypts in colon and cecum are lined with a simple columnar epithelium with a striated border)

Goblet cells are large and numerous in the colon and cecum

32
Q

What morphological features distinguish the colon from the appendix?

A

The appendix also has same colon resemblance hower fewer and shorter crypts. It also has a serosa and NO taenia coli in appendix however 2 thin layers.

The appendix lamina propria has many lymphoid cells and nodules that interrupt the muscularis mucosae often.

33
Q

What cell types suround the anal canal?

A

simple columnar that changes to stratified cuboidal and then to stratified squamoun non kertainized (th elatter iin the ano-cutaneous area)

34
Q

What glands can be found in the ano-cutaneous area?

A

Apocrine sweat glands

35
Q

What are the two muscle types of the internal and external anal sphincter respectively?

A

inner layer of circular smooth muscle and skeletal muscle replaces the outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa.

36
Q

What is synthesized in plasma cells in Peyer’s Patch?

A

Ig A

37
Q

What doues sIgA do?

A

sIgA( bound IgA to secretory component) binds antigens, toxins, and microoragnisms.- host defense after exiting apical plasma mebrane.

38
Q

Where is GALT?

A

Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue is found in the lamina propia fo the small intestine. (25% of the mucosa)

39
Q

Which part of the colon has serosa? adventitia?

A

transverse and sigmoid; ascending and descending colon and cecum.

40
Q

Which part of the appendix is commonly edematous ?

A

submucosa

41
Q

what covers the skeletal muscle of the tongue?

A

stratified squamous surface epithelium

42
Q

where are tate bodes?

A

they are the pale oval areas in the epithelium along the sides facing the crypt that surrounds the papilla

Microanatomy Unit 6 (4 decks)

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