GI terms Flashcards
Retching
peristalsis of stomach and esophagus conducted with a closed glottis
Rumination
chewing and swallowing of food that is regurgitated volitionally after meals
Eructation
espulsion of swallowed air… burping
singultus
hiccups
borborygmi
rumbling noise caused by propulsion of gas thorugh the intestines
Tenesmus
ineffectual and painful straining at stool
Encopresis
repeatedly having bowel movements in places other than the toilet after the age when that shouldn’t happen
Phlegmon
diffuse inflammation of the soft or connective tissue due to infection (acute pancreatitis)
MRCP
magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatopgraphy
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatiography
EUS
endoscopic ultrasound
anasarca
general accumulation of serous fluid in various tissues and body cavities
SAAG
Serum-ascites albumin gradient= serum albumin minus ascitic fluid albumin
Pyrosis
substernal burning sensation…. heartburn
dyspepsia
postprandial epigastric discomfort
cholestasis
stoppage of bile flow
globus pharyngeus
foreign body sensation localized in the neck that does not interfere with swallowing and sometimes is releived by swallowing…..
- often occurs in the setting of anxiety or obsessive compulsive disorders
- often attributable to GERD
senescence
the process of growing old
Virchow node
intra-abdominal malignancy mets to left supraclavicular lymph node
Sister mary joseph nodule
malignant intra abdominal neoplasm metastatic to the umbilicus
Krukenberg tumor
gastric carcinoma mets to the ovary
blumer shelf
a firm lump felt in the perirectal puch on rectal examination
-it is a rare physical finding in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach
Grey turner sign
flank ecchymosis secondary to intra-abdominal hemorrhage
Cullen sign
ecchymosis around the umbilicus secondary to intra abdominal hemorrhage
what does rebound tenderness mean
peritoneal inflammation
Rosving’s sign
Pain in the RLQ during left-sided pressure- referred rebound tenderness seen in appendicitis
McBurney’s Point
rebound tenderness or pain 1/3 of the distance from the ASIS to the umbilicus- may suggest appendicitis/peritoneal irritation
Murphy sign
palpate deeply under right costal margin during inspiration and observe for pain and or sudden stop in inspiratory effort
-tests for acute cholecystitis or cholelithiasis
Courvoisier’s sign
enlarged non-tender gallbladder secondary to pancreatic disease or cancer
Iliopsoas muscle test
have the patient flex their hip against your resistance- incrased abdominal pain is a positive test
-this suggests irritation of the psoas muscle from inflammation of the appendix
obturator muscle test
flex pts right hip and internally rotate, if it hurts, it’s from appendicits
Trousseau sign
sign of tetany, inflate BP cuff and wrist flexes, sign of hypocalcemia
Trousseau syndrome/sign of malignancy
migrating thrombophlebitis/DVT in respect to CA (pancreatic)
Chvostek sign
tetany, tap of facial nerve and get facial twitching, sign of hypocalcemia
Parasympathetics in the GI tract
Upper part from esoph thru transverse colon- OA, AA (vagus n.)
Lower part from descending colon to sigmoid to rectum- S2-4 (pelvic splanchnic n.)
Appendix sympathetic
T12
Esophagus sympathetic
T2-8
Stomach sympathetic
T5-9
Sympathetics to Liver and gallbladder
T6-9
Sympathetics to small intestine
T9-11
Sympathetics to colon
T10-L2
Sympathetics to pancreas
T5-11
