GI system Flashcards

1
Q

which medication should NOT be used in pregnant women/ women trying to concieve to treat acid reflux

A

Misoprostol

note: it can be used for peptic ulcers but it is also used to terminate pregnancies. if any females use this, they need to be on contraception

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2
Q

which two laxatives should only be used in palliative care (terminally ill)

A

co-danthramer and co-danthrusate

  • these are both stimulant laxatives
  • note this is because animal studies say they are potentially carcinogenic*
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3
Q

which laxative can be used to treat hepatic encephalopathy

A

lactulose

note: hepatic encephalopathy is a nervous system disorder brought on by severe liver disease

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4
Q

what is the first line treatment for both short-duration constipation and chronic constipation

A

bulk-forming laxative e.g bran,ispaghula husk (fybogel), methylcellulose and sterculia

  • ensure adequate fluid intake.
  • if ineffective, use osmotic laxative e.g lactulose/ macrogols*
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5
Q

what is the first line treatment for opioid-induced constipation

A

an osmotic laxative (e.g lactulose or macrogols)

or

  • docusate sodium (this is both a stimulant + faecal softener)
  • note: naloxegol used if these ones don’t work*
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6
Q

what is the first choice laxative for faecal impaction

A

macrogols

  • this is in both adults + children
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7
Q

how do you manage constipation in pregnant/ breastfeeding patients

A

if dietary advice not worked

first:
- fibre supplements in the form of bran or wheat

if still not worked:
- bulk forming laxatives e.g bran, ispaghula husk (fybogel), methylcellulose and sterculia

*note: avoid stimulant laxatives e.g bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate, senna (especially if near full term/ unstable pregnancy)

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