diabetes

Question 1

how does acarbose work

Answer 1

works by delaying the digestion and absorption of starch and sucrose.

It is used for Diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by diet or by diet with oral antidiabetic drugs

Question 2

what is the effect of acarbose on insulin + sulfonylureas

Answer 2

Acarbose may enhance hypoglycaemic effects of insulin and sulfonylureas (hypoglycaemic episodes may be treated with oral glucose but not with sucrose)

Question 3

what are the common side effects of sulfonylureas (e.g gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide, tolbutamide)

Answer 3

• hypoglycaemia

- weight gain

Question 4

what should you do if a patient taking sulfonylureas has frequent hypos

sulfonylureas (e.g gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide, tolbutamide)

Answer 4

reduce the dose

Question 5

which antidiabetic drug class is most likely to cause diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 5

SGLT2 inhibitors e.g canagliflozin, empagliflozin

Question 6

which antidiabetic is contraindicated in bladder cancer

Answer 6

pioglitazone

Question 7

which antidiabetic class causes weight loss

Answer 7

SGLT2 inhibitors : canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin

Question 8

which antidiabetics cause weight gain

Answer 8

• Pioglitazone

- Sulfonylureas (gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide, tolbutamide)

Question 9

which antidiabetic class if weight neutral

Answer 9

DDP4 (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin) are neutral

Question 10

what are the symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Answer 10

frequent urination
feeling very thirsty.
being sick.
tummy pain.
breath that smells fruity (like pear drop sweets, or nail varnish)
deep or fast breathing.
feeling very tired or sleepy.
confusion

Question 11

which antidiabetic class increases the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 11

SGLT2 inhibitors : canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin