GI Procedure Flashcards
NG tube indications
Evacuate blood
Decompress
Remove toxic substances
Provide enteral feedings
NG tube c/i
Facial trauma** Basilar skull fracture Bilateral nasal obstruction Recent nasal, pharyngeal, esophageal or gastric surgery Bleeding diathesis
NG tube complications
Bleeding (mostly minor) Aspiration Tracheal intubation Erosion of naris (Long term) Pharyngeal/nasal perforation
Levin tube
single lumen NG tube
measured in French
several drainage holes near gastric end
Salem Sump
two-tube lumen allows for venting and equalization of air pressure upon suctioning = decreased gastric ulceration
EGD indications
Dx of upper GI disease
Bx for GI dsiease
therapeutic intervention
EGD abs c/i
Known or suspected PERFORATION (introduces air
Medically unstable patients
Obstruction
anticoagulants
EGD complications
bleeding, infection, perforation cardiopulmonary problems (50%), usually d/t sedation
Sigmoidoscopy indications
visualize rectum and lower sigmoid
used for colorectal cancer screening, preop eval, surveillance of tumors, removal of Foreign bodies
can be done by non-Gastroenterologist
sigmoidoscopy abs c/i
Bowel perforation
Acute diverticulitis
Active peritonitis
Fulminant colitis
Colonoscopy
ability to find and remove polyps in the parts of colon that are beyond the reach of the flexible sigmoidoscope
patient is mildly sedated
colonoscopy indications
Colorectal cancer screening in average-risk adults
Evaluation and removal of polyps
Current or previous bowel resection for colon cancer
Decompression of colon
colonoscopy abs c/i
Fulminant colitis
Known or suspected perforation
During early post-colectomy time period
Virtual Colonoscopy
imagine computers used to make 2D and 3D images from x-ray, CT, MR, the rectum —> distal ileum
dx colon and bowel ds (polyps, diverticulosis, cancer)
FOBT
sensitive, but NOT specific
need to repeat 3-4x
safe, no cleanse, at home test, no bleeding or damage to colon
