GI pharmacology Flashcards
Which drug class does ‘ompeprazole’ belong to and what is it used for?
Proton Pump Inhibitor
- GORD, dyspepsia, H.pylori eradication
Which drug class does ‘aluminium/magnesium hydroxide’ belong to and what are they used for?
Antacids
- GORD and dyspepsia
Which drug class does ‘Ranitidine’ belong to and what is it used for?
H2 receptor antagonists
- Dyspepsia, peptic ulcers and GORD
What are the 4 classes of laxatives/ purgatives used to treat constipation?
Bulk laxatives
Stimulant purgatives
Faecal softeners
Osmotic laxatives
What is the drug ‘Loperamide’ used to treat?
It is an anti-motility drug used for symptomatic relief of diarrhoea (non-infective/ traveller’s diarrhoea)
What are dopamine receptor antagonists, e.g Droperidol, used to treat?
Emesis
- drug induced/ GORD/ gastroparesis
What are muscarinic Ach antagonists used to treat? Give an example of a drug
Emesis - motion sickness and IBS
e.h Hyoscine
What are H1 antihistamines, e.g cyclizine, used for?
Emesis - motion sickness, morning sickness, PONV
What are prokinetic drugs e.g metroclopramide used to treat?
GORD
gastroparesis
What is an example of a 5 H3 receptor antagonists used for anti-emesis?
Ondansetron
What 4 classes of drugs are used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis?
5 ASA
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants
Anti-TNF therapy
What 3 classes of drugs are used in the treatment of Crohn’s Disease?
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressants
Anti-TNF therapy
What is an example of an immunosuppressant used to treat UC or Crohn’s?
Azathioprine
Infliximab is a drug used to treat UC and Crohn’s Disease, which drug class does it belong to?
Anti-TNF therapy
Sulphasalazine can be used to treat Ulcerative Colitis, to which drug class does it belong?
5 ASA
Which corticosteroids can be used to treat Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease?
Prednisolone and Budesonide
What are mucosal strengtheners, e.g sucralfate used to treat?
GORD
Ulcers
When are adjuvant antiemetics used?
Give an example of a drug class
To decrease emesis in patients who are undergoing chemotherapy and are unresponsive to the other anti-emetic drug classes
CANNABINOIDS e.g Nabilone
Which receptors for emesis are present at the vomiting centre in the medulla and what are their neurotransmitters?
H1 (histamine) M1/M3 (acetylcholine) 5HT3 (serotonin)
Which receptor for emesis is present in the pharynx and the GI tract and what is its neurotransmitter?
5HT3 (serotonin)
Which receptors for emesis are present within the chemoreceptor trigger zone and what are the neurotransmitters for each of these?
M1 (acetylcholine) H1 (histamine) 5HT3 (serotonin) Opioid (morphine) D2 (dopamine)
Which emetic receptors are present within vestibular nuclei and what are the neurotransmitters for each of these?
H1 (histamine)
M1 ( acetylcholine)
Which two anti-emetic drug classes act on the vomiting centre in the medulla?
H1 antagonists and Antimuscarinic drugs
Which two anti-emetic drug classes act on vestibular nuclei?
H1 antagonists and Antimuscarinic drugs
Which two anti-emetic drug classes act on the chemoreceptor trigger zone?
DA antagonists and 5HT3 antagonists
Which class of drugs act on 5HT3 receptors in the pharynx and the GI tract?
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy drugs
