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GASTROINTESTINAL > GI pathology > Flashcards

GI pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphomas of the small bowel are all non-hodgkins. T/F?

A

TRUE

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2
Q

What is the normal life span of an enterocyte?

A

72 hours

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3
Q

Describe the layers of a peptic ulcer

A

Floor of necrosis, base of granulation tissue and a deep layer of fibrosis

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4
Q

In coeliac disease, are lesions worse in the proximal or distal bowel?

A

Proximal bowel

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5
Q

Is H.pylori gram +ve or gram -ve?

A

Gram -ve

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6
Q

UC can cause hypokalaemia

A

TRUE

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7
Q

What are the two most useful tests for Crohn’s disease?

A

Endoscopy and mucosal biopsy

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8
Q

Where is Meckel’s diverticulum usually located and how long is it?

A

2cm long, found 2ft/ 60cm from the ileocaecal valve

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9
Q

Steatorrhoea is common in coeliac disease. T/F?

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Why does coeliac disease cause gallstones?

A

Coeliac disease can reduce secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile flow, causing gallstones.

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11
Q

What is the best treatment for oral cancer?

A

Surgery

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12
Q

How is allergic oesophagitis managed?

A

Montelukast + steroids

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13
Q

Are the granulomas in crohn’s disease caseating or non-caseating?

A

Non-caseating granulomas

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14
Q

Is Crohn’s disease more common in males or females?

A

Males

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15
Q

Where is secondary metastases to the small bowel most common from?

A

Colon, ovary and stomach

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16
Q

Where is the most common site of carcinoid tumours?

A

Appendix

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17
Q

Where are the high risk sites for oral cancer?

A

Floor of the mouth
Lateral border and ventral tongue
Soft palate

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18
Q

What is ‘red velvety mucosa’ suggestive of?

A

Barrett’s Oesophagus

19
Q

Reflux oesophagitis involves basal zone epithelial expansion. T/F?

A

TRUE

20
Q

Which has better prognosis: intestinal or diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinoma?

A

Intestinal

21
Q

Squamous papilloma can be caused by HPV?

A

TRUE

22
Q

Coeliac disease has an association with childhood diabetes..

A

TRUE

23
Q

Are gastrointestinal stromal tumours malignant or benign?

A

Malignant

24
Q

What skin condition is coeliac disease associated with?

A

Dermatitis herpetiforms

25
Q

What is the main type of benign oesophageal tumour?

A

Squamous papilloma

26
Q

What kind of jaundice can pregnancy cause?

A

Hepatic jaundice

27
Q

Which forms of hepatitis are spread by bodily fluids?

A

Hep B, Hep C, Hep D

28
Q

Where does copper accumulate in patients who have Wilson’s disease?

A

The liver and the brain

29
Q

Does PSC affect intra, or extra hepatic ducts, or both?

A

Both

30
Q

What test is used to identify the presence of iron?

A

Perl’s stain

31
Q

What type of cirrhosis is seen in alcoholics - macronodular or micronodular?

A

Micronodular

32
Q

What causes pigment stones?

A

Excess bilirubin can’t be solubilised to bile salts

33
Q

Hep B damage is due to the overwhelming immune response. T/F?

A

TRUE

34
Q

What is the incubation period of hepatitis B?

A

4-6 months

35
Q

What colour is collagen stained?

A

Blue

36
Q

Do Hep A and Hep C have a long or short incubation time?

A

Short

37
Q

Describe the pathology of PBC and PSC

A

PBC - bile duct loss and granulomas

PSC- periductal fibrosis and duct destruction

38
Q

How many acinar zones does the liver have?

A

3 acinar zones

39
Q

What are the components of normal bile?

A

Bile salts
Bilirubin
Cholesterol
Phospholipids

40
Q

What causes pre-hepatic jaundice?

A

Unconjugated bilirubin

41
Q

Anti-smooth muscle antibodies
Associated with other autoimmune diseases
Raised IgG
… What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

42
Q

Withering crypts and smudging of the lamina propria

A

Small bowel ischaemia

43
Q

Are most colonic cancers left or right sided?

A

Left sided

44
Q

What is meant by Duke’s A?

A

Confined to the muscularis propria

GASTROINTESTINAL (13 decks)

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