GI pathology Flashcards
Lymphomas of the small bowel are all non-hodgkins. T/F?
TRUE
What is the normal life span of an enterocyte?
72 hours
Describe the layers of a peptic ulcer
Floor of necrosis, base of granulation tissue and a deep layer of fibrosis
In coeliac disease, are lesions worse in the proximal or distal bowel?
Proximal bowel
Is H.pylori gram +ve or gram -ve?
Gram -ve
UC can cause hypokalaemia
TRUE
What are the two most useful tests for Crohn’s disease?
Endoscopy and mucosal biopsy
Where is Meckel’s diverticulum usually located and how long is it?
2cm long, found 2ft/ 60cm from the ileocaecal valve
Steatorrhoea is common in coeliac disease. T/F?
TRUE
Why does coeliac disease cause gallstones?
Coeliac disease can reduce secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile flow, causing gallstones.
What is the best treatment for oral cancer?
Surgery
How is allergic oesophagitis managed?
Montelukast + steroids
Are the granulomas in crohn’s disease caseating or non-caseating?
Non-caseating granulomas
Is Crohn’s disease more common in males or females?
Males
Where is secondary metastases to the small bowel most common from?
Colon, ovary and stomach
Where is the most common site of carcinoid tumours?
Appendix
Where are the high risk sites for oral cancer?
Floor of the mouth
Lateral border and ventral tongue
Soft palate
What is ‘red velvety mucosa’ suggestive of?
Barrett’s Oesophagus
Reflux oesophagitis involves basal zone epithelial expansion. T/F?
TRUE
Which has better prognosis: intestinal or diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinoma?
Intestinal
Squamous papilloma can be caused by HPV?
TRUE
Coeliac disease has an association with childhood diabetes..
TRUE
Are gastrointestinal stromal tumours malignant or benign?
Malignant
What skin condition is coeliac disease associated with?
Dermatitis herpetiforms
What is the main type of benign oesophageal tumour?
Squamous papilloma
What kind of jaundice can pregnancy cause?
Hepatic jaundice
Which forms of hepatitis are spread by bodily fluids?
Hep B, Hep C, Hep D
Where does copper accumulate in patients who have Wilson’s disease?
The liver and the brain
Does PSC affect intra, or extra hepatic ducts, or both?
Both
What test is used to identify the presence of iron?
Perl’s stain
What type of cirrhosis is seen in alcoholics - macronodular or micronodular?
Micronodular
What causes pigment stones?
Excess bilirubin can’t be solubilised to bile salts
Hep B damage is due to the overwhelming immune response. T/F?
TRUE
What is the incubation period of hepatitis B?
4-6 months
What colour is collagen stained?
Blue
Do Hep A and Hep C have a long or short incubation time?
Short
Describe the pathology of PBC and PSC
PBC - bile duct loss and granulomas
PSC- periductal fibrosis and duct destruction
How many acinar zones does the liver have?
3 acinar zones
What are the components of normal bile?
Bile salts
Bilirubin
Cholesterol
Phospholipids
What causes pre-hepatic jaundice?
Unconjugated bilirubin
Anti-smooth muscle antibodies
Associated with other autoimmune diseases
Raised IgG
… What is the likely diagnosis?
Autoimmune hepatitis
Withering crypts and smudging of the lamina propria
Small bowel ischaemia
Are most colonic cancers left or right sided?
Left sided
What is meant by Duke’s A?
Confined to the muscularis propria
