GI Pharm Flashcards
Mech: Reversible block of histamine H2-receptors –> decreased H+ secretion by parietal cells
H2 Blockers
Mech: Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing bicarb (HCO3-) secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer.
Bismuth, Sucralfate
Mech: PGE1 analog. Increases production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier, decreases acid production
Misoprostol
Mech: Irreversibly inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Mech: Long-acting somatostatin analog.
Octreotide
Can affect absorption, bioavailability, or urinary excretion of other drugs by altering gastric and urinary pH or by delaying gastric emptying.
Antacids
H2 Blockers
- “Take H2 Blockers before you DINE.” Think “table for 2” to remember H2.
- Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine
Proton Pump Inhibitors
“PRAZOLE”
- Omeprazole, lansoprazole, esomeparzole, pantoprazole, dexlansoprazole
Antacids
Aluminum Hyrdoxide, Magnesium Hydroxide, Calcium Carbonate
Potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 with multiple drug interactions, antiandrogenic effects, and the ability to cross the BB barrier and placenta
Cimetidine
Decrease renal excretion of creatinine.
Cimetidine and Ranitidine
Used for increased ulcer healing and traveler’s diarrhea.
Bismuth, Sucralfate
SE include nausea, cramps, and steatorrhea.
Octreotide
SE include diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, and cardiac arrest.
Magnesium Chloride (Mg = Must go to the bathroom)
SE include increased risk of C- difficult infection and pneumonia, Hip fractures, and decreased serum Mg2+ with long-term use.
Proton Pump Inhibitors
SE include Diarrhea. Is also contraindicated in women of childbearing potential due to it being an abrotifacient.
Misoprostol
SE include Hypercalcemia and increased rebound acid. Can also chelate and decrease the effectiveness of other drugs like tetracycline.
Calcium Carbonate
SE include Constipation, hypophosphatemia, proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, and seizures.
Aluminum Hydroxide (AluMINIMUM amount of Feces)
Used for Acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, and carcinoid tumors.
Octreotide
All can cause hypokalemia.
Antacids
Used for prevention of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers, maintenance of a PDA, and to induce labor (ripens cervix).
Misoprostol
Mech: Monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha
Infliximab
Mech: D2 receptor antagonist. Increases resting tone, contractility, LES tone, and motility. Does not influence colon transport time.
Metoclopramide
Mech: Combination of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalicyclic acid (anti-inflammatory) that is activated by colonic bacteria.
Sulfasalazine
Mech: Provide osmotic load to draw water out.
Osmotic Laxatives
Osmotic Laxatives
Magnesium Hydroxide, Magnesium Citrate, polyethylene glycol, lactulose.
Used for Crohn’s Disease and ulcerative colitis
Infliximab, and Sulfasalazine
Used for RA
Infliximab
Mech: 5-HT3 antagonist.
Ondansetron
Used for diabetic and post-surgery gastroparesis, antiemetic.
Metoclopramide
Used to control vomiting postoperatively and in pts undergoing cancer chemo.
Ondansetron.
SE include Diarrhea, dehydration; may be abused by bulimics.
Osmotic Laxatives
SE include headache and constipation.
Ondansetron
SE include increased Parksonian effects, restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhea, drug interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents.
Metoclopramide
Contraindicated in pts with small bowel obstruction or Parkinson’s disease
Metoclopramide.
SE include Malaise, nausea, sulfonamide toxicity, reversible oligospermia
Sulfasalazine
SE include Infection (including reactivation of TB), fever, and hypotension.
Infliximab
