Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > GI pharm > Flashcards

GI pharm Flashcards

1
Q

sodium bicarbonate

A 
Alka seltzer
Mech: obsolete antacids, drugs neutralizing gastric acid
Pharm: fast acting, short duration
Side effect: belching, flatulence
Uses: occasional dyspepsia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Calcium carbonate

A

Tums
Mech: obsolete antacids, drugs neutralizing gastric acid
Pharm: fast acting, short duration
Side effect: rebound increase H+ secretion
Uses: occasional dyspepsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide combo

A

Mylanta, Maalox
Mech: antacid. drug neutralizing gastric acid
Pharm: fasting acting, short duration
Contraindicated: renal insufficiency
Side effect: minimal toxicity, diarrhea (Mg), constipation (Al)
Uses: occasional dyspepsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Simethicone

A

Anti foaming agent

Mech: added to reduce esophageal reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Proton pump inhibitors

A

Mech: reduce gastric acid secretion, most useful
- may interfere with gastric absorption of some drugs that are acidic or weak bases
Pharm: takes a couple of days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

histamine 2 receptor blockers

A

Less effective than proton pump inhibitors
Pharm: faster onset than proton pump inhibitors
Mech: reduce gastric acid secretion
- may interfere with gastric absorption of some drugs that are acidic or weak bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antimuscarinic agents

A

Less effective at reducing gastric acid

- may interfere with gastric absorption of some drugs that are acidic or weak bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole

A

Mech: proton pump inhibitors
Pharm: once a day dosing, prodrugs
- give on empty stomach
- concentrates in canaliculi of parietal cells via acid trapping
- converted to active form for irreversible block
Side effects: slight increase in GI infections, short half life not a lot of drug interactions
Uses: first line treatment for GERD, ulcers, NSAID ulcers
- also prevent stomach bleeding
- H pylori treatment with antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine

A

Mech: histamine blockers
Pharm: faster onset, less effective than PPIs

Side effects: cimetidine has many drug interactions (CYP inhibitors) and weak inhibition of androgen receptors otherwise safe drugs

Uses: prevent stress related gastritis in critically ill patient
- tx/prevention of dyspepsia/heart burn OTC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sucralfate

A

Pharm: slurry dosed 4 x daily via NG tube
Uses: prevent stress related gastritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Misoprostol

A

PGEI analog
Pharm: oral tablets 4 x per day
Uses: prevent NSAID ulcers, expel aborted fetus (causes uterine contractions)
Side effects: diarrhea, abdominal cramps/ pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bismuth

A

Peptobismol
Pharm: antisecretory, antimicrobial effects
- antinflammatory effects of salicylic acid
Uses: dyspepsia, diarrhea
- included in 2nd line H pylori regimens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Metoclopramine/ droperidol

A

Pharm: D2 blockade plus weak serotonin antagonism
Mech: suppreses inhibitory dopamine effects on Ach release, increase GI contractions
Uses: increase stomach emptying in diabetic or post surgical gastric stasis
- treat GERD resistant to PPI/H2 therapy
- antiemetic
SIde effects: sedation, restlessness, anxiety, agitation, EPS, tardive dyskinesia
- droperidol for QT prolongation/sudden death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Erythromycin

A

macrolide antibiotic stimulates receptor for motilin

- off label for gastric stasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Laxatives

A

Uses: prevent/treat constipation surgery, opioid constipation, GI disorders, evacuation of bowel
Contra: obstructive GI pathology
Mech: increase fluid content and decrease transit time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bisacodyl

A

Mech: act on enteric nerves to increase colon contractions and secretions, stimulant laxatives
Pharm: 6-10 hr oral, 30-60 rectal
Uses: combow ith stool softeners to treat opioid constipation or osmotic laxative PEG before bowel surgery/exams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

castor oil

A

obsolete stimulant laxative - toxic, seldom used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Senna, cascara, aloes

A

6-12 hour orally., 2 hour rectally

- available OTC not safe or effective

19
Q

Isotonic PEG electrolyte solutions

A

Osmotic laxatives
Mech: solutions of poorly absorbed solutes that retain water in GI tract
Pharm: 240 ml every 10 min
Uses: bowel cleansing before exams, smaller doses safe to prevent or treat constipation

20
Q

Sodium phosphate laxatives

A

Pharm: fast acting, take with water to avoid electrolyte shifts
Contra: patients with renal and cardiac disease, electrolyte abnormalities
Uses: two dose regiment for bowel cleansing before exams

21
Q

Magnesium hydroxide

A

milk of magnesium, magnesium citrate
Uses: acute constipation
Side effect: hypermagnesemia with chronic use in patients with renal insufficiency

22
Q

lactulose, sorbitol, mannitol

A

Pharm: slow acting bacterial hydrolysis in lower GI tract
Side effect: flatulence, cramps
- lactulose can trap acid causing reduce blood ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy

23
Q

bran, psyllium, methylcellulose, polycarbophil

A

bulk forming laxatives

Pharm: slow acting, absorb water, distend colon, promote peristalsis

24
Q

docusate, glycerin, mineral oil

A

Stool softeners
Pharm: slow acting, surfactants that increase water and lipid content of stool
- oral or rectal dosing
Uses: docusate is commonly given to hospitalized patients to prevent formation of hard, irritating feces
- not acute relief of constipation

25
Q

Lubiprostone

A

Chloride channel activator
Pharm: prostanoic acid analog
Mech: increases intestinal secretions
Uses: chronic constipation or IBS with constipation

26
Q

loperamide

A

Pharm: opiate, meperidine analog with negligible CNS penetration
Uses: OTC antidiarrheal

27
Q

Diphenoxylate

A

Pharm: opiate, meperidine analog with some CNS effects at high doses

28
Q

octreotide

A

Mech: somatostatin analog that inhibits GI/pancreatic hormones and 5HT
- intestinal, pancreatic and bile secretions
- GI motility
Uses: dumping syndrome/diarrhea post gastric surgery, watery diarrhea, flushing of carcinoid tumors and VIPomas, decrease portal pressure and variceal bleeding with chronic liver disease

29
Q

amitryptylline

A

TCA

Uses: abdominal pain in IBS (hyperalgesic state in nerves to regions of GI)

30
Q

alosetran

A

Pharm: potent long acting 5HT3 antagonist
Uses: severe IBS with predominant diarrhea
Side effects: 10% constipation, serious fatal ischemic colitis, serious constipation

31
Q

ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, palosetron

A

Pharm: 5HT3 antagonists, oral or IV dosing (palosetron only IV)
Uses: nausea and vomiting, combo with dexamethasone for chemo nausea
- with NK1 antagonist for severe delayed chemo nausea/vomiting
Side effect: no major drug interactions

32
Q

dexamethasone

A

corticosteroid
Pharm: enhance effects of 5HT3 antagonists and other agents
Uses: combo therapy to prevent/treat chemo n/v
Side effects: steroid toxicity profile covered later in course

33
Q

Aprepitant, fosaprepitant

A

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) antagonists
Pharm: antagonizes substance P in CNS
- enhances 5HT3 antagonists and other agents
Uses: combo with other agents for delayed chemo N/V
Side effects: safe, may inhibit metabolism of drugs by CYP3A4

34
Q

prochlorperazine, chlorpromazine

A

phenothiazines
Pharm: weak D2 blocking effects
Uses: mild N/V, not 1st line agents for chemo N/V
Side effects: CNS adverse effects

35
Q

cyclizine

A

H1 antagonist

- ineffective for CINV, useful for motion sickness prophylaxis

36
Q

scopolamine

A

muscarinic antagonist

- ineffective for CINV useful for motion sickness prophylaxis

37
Q

drobaninol

A

Weed

- 2nd line therapy when other agents are ineffective or poorly tolerated

38
Q

pancrelipase

A

pancreatic extract containing lipase, amylase, proteolytic activity
Pharm: orally before meals
Uses: treat pancreatic enzyme insufficiency from CF, pancreatitis

39
Q

ursodiol

A

Pharm: naturally occurring bile acid taken orally to dissolve small cholesterol gallstones
Uses: prevent gallstone formation during rapid weight loss in obese or treat chole gallstones

40
Q

5 ASA (sulfasalazine, olsalazine, basalazide, mesalamine)

A

used for IBD to maintain remission in UC more than Crohn’s disease
- sulfasalazine obsolete

41
Q

Azathioprine and mercaptopurine, methotrexate

A

Uses: anti-CA drugs interfere with nucleotide synthesis, inhibit cell proliferation and exert immunosuppressive effects
- lower doses in IBD
Uses: induce and maintain remission of UC and Crohn’s disease

42
Q

Infliximad, adalimumba, certolizumab

A

TNF alpha antibodies

- immunosuppressive agents

43
Q

natalizumab

A

anti integrin
- interferes with leukocyte adherence and migration through vascular endothelium
Side effects: fatal leukoencephalopathy by reactivating JC virus latent

Pharmacology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions