GI Pathophysiology I Flashcards
What is anorexia?
Decreased appetite
What is anorexia
decreased appetite
What is the Vomition Reflex?
a reflex that located in Vomition center of the cereberal cortex that results in vomiting
Define emesis
vomiting
Define hematemesis
blood in vomit or vomiting blood
What does bright red blood in emesis indicate?
Indicates blood has NOT been digested/broken down and there is a bleed in the upper GI tract ( ie. mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodeneum of small intestine)
What does “coffee ground” colored blood in emesis indicate?
Indicates blood has been digested/broken down and there is a bleed in the lower GI tract ( duodeneum and on)
Define Melena
blood in stools
List the clinical signs of GI tract pathophysiology
Anorexia Nausea Emesis Hematemesis Melena diarrhea or constipation
Bright red blood in Melena indicates___
that the bleed is closer to anus
“Coffee ground” colored blood in Melena indicates____
that the bleed is digestive in nature
Tarry Melena
fatty and bloody stools that suggests bleed is digestive in nature
Occult Melena
hidden blood that is not visible with the naked eye;test must be done to confirm blood
Define Diarrhea
too much water in stools; >200 g of feces/day
Difference between diarrhea and constipation
diarrhea is too much water in stool and defined by a quantitative value ( > 200 g of feces/day);
constipation is too little water in stool and is not defined by a quantitative value
Define Constipation
too little water in stools
State and define the two origins of diarrhea
- osmotic diarrhea-undigestable osmotic agent in stool ( i.e. fiber)
- secretory diarrhea -infectious agents causing active secretion of water in GI tract ( i.e. cholera)
inflammatory vs non inflammatory diarrhea
inflammatory diarrhea-damage/inflammation to GI epithelial cells disrupts normal digestive and absorptive function of GI tract
5 causes of constipation
- decreased response to defecation urge ( poop stays in loner and is drier)
- decreased dietary fiber ( dry poop)
- weak abdominal muscles ( decreased motility, poop stay in longer and is drier)
- decreased fluid intake ( dry poop)
- inactivity ( decreased motility, poop stay in longer and is drier
Define phagia
swallowing
What is dysphagia
difficult swallowing
Define odnyphagia
pain on swallowing
What is pyrosis
formal term for colloquial term heartburn; esophagus feels like its on fire
Achalasia
failure for LES to relax
