GI Pathophysiology I

Question 1

What is anorexia?

Answer 1

Decreased appetite

Question 2

What is anorexia

Answer 2

decreased appetite

Question 3

What is the Vomition Reflex?

Answer 3

a reflex that located in Vomition center of the cereberal cortex that results in vomiting

Question 4

Define emesis

Answer 4

vomiting

Question 5

Define hematemesis

Answer 5

blood in vomit or vomiting blood

Question 6

What does bright red blood in emesis indicate?

Answer 6

Indicates blood has NOT been digested/broken down and there is a bleed in the upper GI tract ( ie. mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodeneum of small intestine)

Question 7

What does “coffee ground” colored blood in emesis indicate?

Answer 7

Indicates blood has been digested/broken down and there is a bleed in the lower GI tract ( duodeneum and on)

Question 8

Define Melena

Answer 8

blood in stools

Question 9

List the clinical signs of GI tract pathophysiology

Answer 9

Anorexia
Nausea
Emesis
Hematemesis
Melena
diarrhea or constipation

Question 10

Bright red blood in Melena indicates___

Answer 10

that the bleed is closer to anus

Question 11

“Coffee ground” colored blood in Melena indicates____

Answer 11

that the bleed is digestive in nature

Question 12

Tarry Melena

Answer 12

fatty and bloody stools that suggests bleed is digestive in nature

Question 13

Occult Melena

Answer 13

hidden blood that is not visible with the naked eye;test must be done to confirm blood

Question 14

Define Diarrhea

Answer 14

too much water in stools; >200 g of feces/day

Question 15

Difference between diarrhea and constipation

Answer 15

diarrhea is too much water in stool and defined by a quantitative value ( > 200 g of feces/day);

constipation is too little water in stool and is not defined by a quantitative value

Question 16

Define Constipation

Answer 16

too little water in stools

Question 17

State and define the two origins of diarrhea

Answer 17

1. osmotic diarrhea-undigestable osmotic agent in stool ( i.e. fiber)
2. secretory diarrhea -infectious agents causing active secretion of water in GI tract ( i.e. cholera)

Question 18

inflammatory vs non inflammatory diarrhea

Answer 18

inflammatory diarrhea-damage/inflammation to GI epithelial cells disrupts normal digestive and absorptive function of GI tract

Question 19

5 causes of constipation

Answer 19

1. decreased response to defecation urge ( poop stays in loner and is drier)
2. decreased dietary fiber ( dry poop)
3. weak abdominal muscles ( decreased motility, poop stay in longer and is drier)
4. decreased fluid intake ( dry poop)
5. inactivity ( decreased motility, poop stay in longer and is drier

Question 20

Define phagia

Answer 20

swallowing

Question 21

What is dysphagia

Answer 21

difficult swallowing

Question 22

Define odnyphagia

Answer 22

pain on swallowing

Question 23

What is pyrosis

Answer 23

formal term for colloquial term heartburn; esophagus feels like its on fire

Question 24

Achalasia

Answer 24

failure for LES to relax