GI Pathology - Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands Flashcards
What causes dental caries (tooth decay)?
It is a major cause of…
Focal demineralization of tooth structure (dentin and enamel) by acidic metabolites of fermenting sugars produced by bacteria.
Tooth loss before age 35.
What are symptoms of dental caries?
What is a potential life-threatening complication?
Pain, weight loss, nutritional problems.
Life-threatening infections.
What is gingivitis?
What is it the result of?
Inflammation of the oral mucosa surrounding teeth.
Poor oral hygiene and leads to accumulation of dental plaque and calculus.
What is dental plaque?
If dental plaque is not removed, what will ensue?
Sticky, colorless biofilm that collects between and on the surface of teeth. It contains bacteria, salivary proteins, and desquamated epithelial cells.
It becomes mineralized to form calculus (tartar).
What age group is most at risk for gingivitis?
What is a unique characteristic of gingivitis?
Adolescents
It is reversible
What is periodontitis (what 3 things does it affect)?
What occurs as sequlae?
Adult periodontal disease is associated with which dental bacteria? (3)
An inflammatory process that affects the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum.
Complete destruction of the periodontal l. leading to tooth loss. It also causes a shift in the normal flora of the mouth.
Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia.
What systemic diseases can cause periodontal disease? (9)
AIDS Leukemia Crohn's dz DM Down syndrome Sarcoidosis Syndromes associated with neutrophil defects IE Pulmonary/brain abscesses
What is an aphthous ulcer?
When are they most common?
What type of WBC infiltrate is seen?
When does it resolve?
“Canker sore”
They are common, painful, recurrent, superficial ulcers of unknown etiology.
First 2 decades of life.
Initially mononuclear, but eventually a secondary bacterial infection may lead to a neutrophilic infiltrate.
Usually 7-10 days later.
What is a traumatic fibroma (irritation fibroma)?
What causes it?
What is the treatment?
A submucosal nodular mass of fibrous CT stroma occuring usually in the buccal mucosa along the biteline or the gingiva.
It is thought to be from repeated trauma.
Surgical excision.
What is a pyogenic granuloma? Who is most likely to get it?
What does it look like on histology?
What can occur as a result? (3)
What is the treatment?
An inflammatory lesion typically in the gingiva of kids, young adults and pregnant women.
Highly vascular proliferation of organizing granulation tissue.
Regress, mature into dense fibrous masses, or develop into a peripheral ossifying fibroma.
Surgical excision.
What 3 infections of the oral cavity are common in immunosupressed patients?
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Candidia (Thrush)
Mucormycosis
What types of HSV are most common known to infect the mouth?
What age is most common for these infections?
10-20% of cases may present as…
HSV-1 (most common) and oral HSV-2 (genital herpes)
Mostly at ages 2-4.
Usually asymptomatic.
Acute herpetic gingivastomatitis with abrupt onset of vesicles and ulcerations of oral mucosa, accompanied by lymphadenopathy, fever, anorexia and irritability.
Candida albicans is a normal component of…
What form causes Thrush?
Normal component of oral cavity flora in 50% of patients.
Pseudomembranous form.
What is Mucormycosis?
A fungal infection common in patients with DM and immunosuppression that can be life-threatening.
Oral changes associated with Scarlet fever (2)
Fiery red tongue with prominent papillae (raspberry tongue)
White-coated tongue through which hyperemic papillae project (strawberry tongue)
