Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

T IoD cellular pathology > GI pathology > Flashcards

GI pathology Flashcards

1
Q

what layer of the GI tract changes throughout?

A

Mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of mucosa is in the oesophagus?

A

Stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what colour is oesophageal mucosa normally to the naked eye?

A

white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what mucosa is the stomach got?

A

thick glandular mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what mucosa does the small intestine have?

A

Glandular with villi mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the structural difference between the small and large intestine?

A

Small: more villi
Large: more crypts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are causes of gastritis?

A

H pylori

NSAIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what causes a stress ulcer?

A

When the body is under stress the large amounts of steroids released cause damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are GORD risk factors?

A

Smoking, drinking, obesity, hiatus hernia, pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the change in Barretts?

A

Squamous epithelium to columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what blood tests are used for coeliacs?

A

Anti TTG

anti-endomysial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is coeliac associated with?

A 
Small bowel lymphoma
Dermatitis herpetiformis (blistering rash_
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what symptoms make up charcots triad?

A
  • jaundice
  • fever
  • SEVERE RUQ pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a fistula?

A

A communication between two epithelial surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the concentric layers of the GI tract?

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis propria
  • subserosa
  • serosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are complications of GORD?

A
  • stricture causing dysphagia
  • bleeding via peptic ulcer
  • barretts oesophagus.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what group is oesophageal cancer most common in?

A

males between 50-70

18
Q

what are the key investigations for oesophageal cancer?

A

Endoscopy

Biopsy

19
Q

what is the most common type of oesophageal cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

20
Q

what are risk factors for gastric cancer?

A
  • H pylori infection
  • cigarette smoking
  • alcohol
  • diet
  • autoimmune gastritis
21
Q

how can gastric cancer present?

A
  • new onset dyspepsia
  • unintended weight loss
  • progressive dysphagia
  • vomiting
  • virchows node in the left supraclavicular fossa
22
Q

what are the two main types of gastric adenocarcinomas?

A
  1. intestinal type

2. diffuse type

23
Q

what type of gastric adenocarcinomas tends to present in the younger age group?

A

Diffuse type Adenocarcinoma

24
Q

what type of gastric adenocarcinoma shows gland formation lined by mucus secreting cells?

A

Intestinal type

25
Q

what type fo gastric adenocarcinoma shows signet ring cells?

A

diffuse type adenocarcinomas

26
Q

what type of gastric adenocarcinoma has a better prognosis?

A

intestinal type

27
Q

what are types of gallstones and their appearance?

A
  1. cholesterol stone. Large and yellow
  2. bilirubinate stone; small and pigmented
  3. mixed stones
28
Q

what are the main risks for developing cholesterol stones?

A

Female, obesity, middle age, family history

29
Q

why does crohns disease lead to a higher likelihood of gall stones?

A

leads to malabsorption of bile salts from the terminal ileum

30
Q

what will be seen if the gallstone impacts the common bile duct?

A

obstructive jaundice

development of ascending cholangitis

31
Q

what is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis?

A

gallstones

32
Q

what is courvoisiers law?

A

A jaundiced patient with a palpable gallbladder means the jaundice is unlikely to be due to gallstones impacting the biliary system

33
Q

what is the most common type of pancreatic cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

34
Q

what is the presentation of tumour of the head of the pancreas?

A

obstructive jaundice
weight loss
mid epigastric pain

35
Q

what is removed in whipples procedure?

A 
distal stomach
gallbladder
common bile duct
head of the pancreas
duodenum
proximal jejunum
regional lymph nodes
36
Q

what is the pathogenesis of coeliacs?

A

gliadin in gluten triggers inappropriate activation of T cells damaging intestinal epithelium cells

37
Q

what haplotypes are present in coeliacs?

A

HLA DQ2

HLA DQ8

38
Q

what is gold standard diagnosis for coeliacs?

A

endoscopy and duodenal biopsy

39
Q

why are coeliac disease patients at higher risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis?

A

Due to less calcium

40
Q

what is osteopenia?

A

reduced bone density

T IoD cellular pathology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions