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B2 ME3029 ANATOMY > GI PART I > Flashcards

GI PART I Flashcards

1
Q

Describe bony and cartilaginous landmarks on the abdominal wall

A

xiphoid process

costal margins

iliac crest

anterior superior iliac spine

sacroiliac joint

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2
Q

Regions of the abdomen

A

R. Hypochondriac
epigastric
L. hypochondriac

R. Lumbar
Umbillical region
L. Lumbar

R. inguinal/iliac
Hypogastric Region
L. inguinal/iliac

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3
Q

Understand the sensory areas (dermatomes) of abdominal wall and their clinical relevance.

A
  • Umbillicus = T10, L3-L4, overlap with T9 & T11
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4
Q

Describe the position and direction of the different muscles (fibres) forming the anterior and posterior abdominal wall

A

RA = vertical, stability walking, compression, T7-T11 (innervation)

Tr.Abdominis = Transverse, compression, T7-T11, subcostal T12

IO = supero-medially, bicontr. (abdo compr.), uni. (ipsilateral rot.), T7-T11, subcostal T12

EO = inferio-medially, contralateral rot., T7-T11, subcostal T12

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5
Q

Within the rectus sheath lies

A

RECTUS ABDOMINALIS & PYRAMIDALIS, with linea alba midline

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6
Q

Obliques role in respiration etc.

A

eo. depresses ribs during expiration

internal oblique muscle flexes and bends the trunk, assists forced expiration by depressing the lower ribs, and helps to maintain intra-abdominal pressure in defecation, micturition and childbirth

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7
Q

Superficial vasculature arises and drainage

A

superior epig a. arises from int. thoracic art.
inf. epig a. arises from external iliac arteries

superior epig vein drain to internal thoracic vein
inf. epig vein drain external iliac vein

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8
Q

superficial lymph drainage of ant. abdo wall

A

above umbillicus => PECTORAL AXILLARY LN

below => SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL LYMPH NODES

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9
Q

Describe the anatomy of inguinal canal, superficial and deep inguinal rings, descent of the testis and the clinical significance of inguinal hernias

A

origin: SAIS -> Pubic tubercle
- formed from EO aponeurosis

superificial ring: break in EO
deep: above midpoint of inguinal lig., and an opening in the transversalis fascia

  • indirect hernia (deep ring; congenital weakness)
  • direct hernias push through weak spots in muslces of post wall of inguinal canal (superficial ring involvement)
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10
Q

Muscles of posterior abdo wall

A

QUADRATUS LUMBORUM

ILIACUS

psoas major & minor

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11
Q

contents of inguinal canal; male vs female

A
  • contain iliolinguinal nerve, blood and lymphatics

* males: spermatic cord; females: round ligament

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12
Q

Vertebral levels of abdominal vasculature

A

COELIAC TRUNK T12 => pre-aortic LN

SMA L1 =>

RENAL ART. L2

IMA L3 =>

BIFURCATION INTO COMMON ILIACS L4

IVC formation @ L5

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13
Q

Venous drainage of abdomen

A

splenic vein

inferior mesenteric vein

superior mesenteric vein

portal vein: splenic + smv

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14
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

originates from ventral rami L1-L4; formed within psosas mj. and emerge laterally

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15
Q

What is the upper dilated part of the ureter?

A

Pelvis of Ureter

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16
Q

What kind of gland is the suprarenal gland

A

Endocrine

17
Q

Define peritoneal cavity

A

serous membrane lined abdo cavity containing intestines liver and kidneys + little fluid

18
Q

Retroperitoneal structures

A 
S upradrenal gland
A orta
D uodenum (II + III)
P ancreas (excl. tail)
U reters
C olon (ascending+descending)
K idneys
E osophagus
R ectum
19
Q

Falciform ligament is a remnant of

A

embryonic mesentry

20
Q

Round ligament

A

remnant of LEFT umbillical vein

21
Q

Sites of attachment of lesser sac

A

found posterior to stomach

lesser omentum attaches the stomach and the duodenum to the liver

22
Q

Attachments of the greater omentum

A

greater curvature of the stomach to inferior border of liver; loops round to transverse colon

23
Q

Greater omentum vasculature

A

originating from coeliac trunk, right and left gastroepiploic arteries supply the greater omentum

24
Q

Pain and the peritoneum

A

parietal pertioneal pain = speicfic pain d/t somatic lower 6 thoracic and L1

visceral pain autonomic therefore referred and dull, often referred to midline

retro = referred to back

25
Q

Associations with the lesser omentum

A

portal triad travels with the hepatoduodenal ligament

hepatoduodenal ligament + hepatogastric ligaments

LESSER SAC/OMENTAL BURSA situated posteriorly to the lesser omentum

26
Q

Attachments of the lesser omentum

A

porta hepata, lesser curvature of the stomach + duo. I

27
Q

Lesser sac

A

posterior to the lesser omentum, communicates with greater sac via epiploic foramen

28
Q

Significance of the arcuate line

A

where lower limit of posterior layer of rectush sheath lies. all aponeuroses are anterior.

B2 ME3029 ANATOMY (7 decks)

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