GI Part 1: Oral Cavity, Esophagus Flashcards
Which diseases affect the parotid gland?
Mumps
Pleomorphic adenoma
Sjorgen’s Syndrome
What are the 3 salivary glands?
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
What sialadentitis disease:
- Comes from paramyxovirus
- Is self-limited in childhood but in adults can become meningitis, pancreatitis, orchitis and lead to sterility
- Includes all the salivary glands especially the parotid
- has diffuse interstitial inflammation and mononuclear cell infiltrate
Mumps
Which sialadentitis is:
- autoimmune
- affects all the salivary glands
- affects the lacrimal gland
- Sx include xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis
Sjorgren syndrome
Which sialadentitis is secondary to duct obstruction by stone aka sialolithiasis?
Bacteria Sialadentitis
Which salivary gland tumor is:
- benign glandular cell tumor
- mixed tumor of salivary glands
- is the most common of the salivary gland tumors (mostly in parotid gland)
- is formed of epithelial cells arranged in acini and ducts, myxomatosis connective tissue stroma and islands of cartilage
Pleomorphic adenoma
What are the 4 layers of the GI tract?
Mucosa
Submucosal
Muscularis externa (muscularis propria)
Advanticia/serosa
Term meaning failure to relax (have no peristalsis/motility)
Achalasia
Motor disorder of the esophagus in which there is:
- achalasia
- nocturnal regurgitation
- retention of food within the esophagus
- can be due to Trypanosma cruzi (infection of Chaga’s disease)
- can be due to loss of ganglion cells in the myenteric (Arbach’s)plexus
Achalasia
What ate the symptoms of achalasia?
Progressive dysphasia (difficulty swallowing)
Nocturnal regurgitation and aspiration of food
Pain
What are 3 causes of Esophagitis?
Reflux of acid pepsin due to hiatal hernia
Ingestion of caustic irritants
Infection - Herpes or Candida albicans
What are the two manifestations of esophagitis?
Dysphagia
Retro sternal pain
Herniation of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm due to enlargement of hiatus and laxity of connective tissue around.
Hiatal hernia
Hiatal hernia in which the cap of the gastric cardia moves upward above the diaphragm
Sliding hernia
What are the two types of hiatal hernia?
Sliding hernia or paraesophageal hernia
Herniation of part of gastric fundus beside the esophagus
Paraesophageal hernia
What does GERD stand for?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
What are the symptoms of paraesophageal hernia?
Regurgitation of food
Retro sternal pain
Exacerbated in recumbent position that facilitates GERD
What are 3 complications of paraesophageal hernia?
Ulceration and constricture
Bleeding
Metaplasia (from stratified squamous non-keratinized cells to glandular simple columnar epithelium)
What does EGD stand for?
Esophagogastroduedoscopy
Disease of the esophagus in which:
- complication of longstanding GERD
- Replacement of the squamous epithelium of the esophagus by mucus-secreting columnar cells into gastric or intestinal mucosal cells
- is most common in the lower 1/3 of the esophagus (gastro-esophageal junction)
Barrett Esophagus
What are the complications of Barrett Esophagus?
Ulceration or even constricted formation
Increased risk of Malignant transformation into adenocarcinoma
With Barrett’s esophagus, there is a metaplasia at the gastroesophageal junction. The cells change from what to what?
Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium
To
Glandular simple columnar epithelium
Barrett’s esophagus can lead to what kind of cancer?
Esophageal adenocarcinoma
Reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type
Metaplasia
Loss of uniformity of individual cells and in their architectural orientation of epithelial tissues
Dysplasia
Disease of the esophagus caused by excessive vomiting, leading to failure of relaxation of the esophagus overwhelming constriction at the gastroesophageal junction which then leads to massive dilation and tear of the stretched wall
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
What are the complications of Mallory-Weiss Tear of the Esophagus?
Hemorrhage
Secondary infection (Mediastinitis, empyema, ulcer)
Myocardial ischemia/infarction
Hypovolemic shock
Death
Disease of the upper GI tract with the following:
Iron deficiency anemia
Cheilosis (cracking along lips)
Esophageal Webbing
Glossitis (inflammation of the tongue)
Plummer Vinson Syndrome
Outpouching of the esophagus
Zenker’s Diverticulum
What are the risk factors for esophageal carcinoma?
Barret esophagus ETOH use HPV Caustic esophageal injury Achalasia Radiation to mediastinum Frequent consumption of very hot liquids
