GI: NCLEX REVIEW Flashcards
Crohns Disease
Fatty lose stools
Cholecystits
- GERD and Ditropan
- Ditropan is used for?
- Ditropan can lower gastric sphincter reflux do not take with GERD
- Ditropan urinary tract antispasmodic
Paracentesis
Ascites
The passage into a cavity of a trocar and cannula, needle, or other hollow instrument for the purpose of removing fluid; variously designated according to the cavity punctured.
- Ascites
- How is it caused?
- S/S
- Ascites is the build-up of fluid in the space between the lining of the abdomen and abdominal organs.
- Ascites results from high pressure in the blood vessels of the liver (portal hypertension) and low levels of a protein called albumin.
Diseases that can cause severe liver damage can lead to ascites. These include long-term hepatitis C or B infection and alcohol abuse over many years.
- As more fluid collects, you may have abdominal pain and bloating. Large amounts of fluid can cause shortness of breath.
Ulcerative colitis
- What is it? Where in the body does it occur?
- Age group affected
- S/S
- Dx tests
- Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a disease that causes inflammation and sores, called ulcers, in the lining of the rectum and colon. It is one of a group of diseases called inflammatory bowel disease.
- UC can happen at any age, but it usually starts between the ages of 15 and 30. It tends to run in families.
- The most common symptoms are pain in the abdomen and blood or pus in diarrhea. Other symptoms may include
Anemia
Severe tiredness
Weight loss
Loss of appetite
Bleeding from the rectum
Sores on the skin
Joint pain
Growth failure in children
About half of people with UC have mild symptoms.
- Doctors use blood tests, stool tests, colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, and imaging tests to diagnose UC. Several types of drugs can help control it. Some people have long periods of remission, when they are free of symptoms. In severe cases, doctors must remove the colon.
Ulcerative colitis
- Medication?
- Route?
- Time?
Avoid Caffeine, smoking, alcohol be these are GI stimulants
- Mesalamine (Rowasa) aminosalicylate (5-ASA) exerts antinflammatory effect on intestinal mucosa
- rectum
- bedtime
Gastrectomy
Nasogastric tube patency decreases the risk of gastric secretions that can lead to gastric dilation
- Gastrectomy is surgery to remove part or all of the stomach.
- If only part of the stomach is removed, it is called partial gastrectomy If the whole stomach is removed, it is called total gastrectomy
- Today, some surgeons perform gastrectomy using a camera. The surgery is done with a few small surgical cuts. The advantages of this surgery, which is called laparoscopy, are a faster recovery, less pain, and only a few small cuts.
Acute pancreatitis
- Address PAIN
- are at risk for paralytic ileus insert nasogastric tube to decrease risk
- monitor for hyperglycemia or hypo?
- “normal glucose level”?
Hyperglycemia
If you had a random blood glucose test, a normal result depends on when you last ate. Most of the time, the blood glucose level will be below 125 mg/dL.
- Risks of any anesthesia include: (2)
- Risks of any operation include: (2)
Risks of any anesthesia include:
- Severe medication reaction
- Problems breathing
Risks of any operation include:
- Bleeding
- Infection
Internal bleeding…hemoglobin increase or decrease?
Hemoglobin decrease
Hepatitis C
AVOID ACETAMINOPHEN
- What is it?
- virus or bacteria?
- How does it spread? (3)
- S/S
- Dx?
- What does this infection do to the liver?
- Vaccine?
- Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver.
- One type, hepatitis C, is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV).
- It usually spreads through contact with infected blood. It can also spread through sex with an infected person and from mother to baby during childbirth.
- Most people who are infected with hepatitis C don’t have any symptoms for years. If you do get symptoms, you may feel as if you have the flu. You may also have jaundice, a yellowing of skin and eyes, dark-colored urine, and pale bowel movements.
- A blood test can tell if you have it. Usually, hepatitis C does not get better by itself.
- The infection can last a lifetime and may lead to scarring of the liver or liver cancer. Medicines sometimes help, but side effects can be a problem. Serious cases may need a liver transplant.
- There is no vaccine for HCV.
ACETAMINOPHEN
Max daily dose
per day (3,000 mg)
- Is anyone at high risk for abnormal albumin levels? (4)
Is anyone at high risk for abnormal albumin levels?
Individuals who have chronic liver disease and kidney disorders are at highest risk for developing abnormal albumin levels. In addition, individuals whose GI tract doesn’t absorb nutrients properly and individuals who have prolonged diarrhea can develop abnormal albumin levels.
Duodenal Ulcer
Pain usually occurs when the stomach is empty or 1.5 to 3 hrs after a meal or at night
- Two common causes
- Stress and spicy foods do not cause ulcers T or F?
A peptic ulcer is a sore in the lining of your stomach or your duodenum, the first part of your small intestine. A burning stomach pain is the most common symptom. The pain
Starts between meals or during the night
Briefly stops if you eat or take antacids
Lasts for minutes to hours
Comes and goes for several days or weeks
Peptic ulcers happen when the acids that help you digest food damage the walls of the stomach or duodenum.
- The most common cause is infection with a bacterium called Helicobacter pylori. Another cause is the long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) such as aspirin and ibuprofen.
- Stress and spicy foods do not cause ulcers, but can make them worse.
