GI (LOWER): NCLEX REVIEW 3 Flashcards
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis
Also called: Diverticular disease
Most common symptom of diverticulitis?
MedlinePlus
Diverticula are small pouches that bulge outward through the colon, or large intestine. If you have these pouches, you have a condition called diverticulosis. It becomes more common as people age. About half of all people over age 60 have it. Doctors believe the main cause is a low-fiber diet.
Most people with diverticulosis don’t have symptoms. Sometimes it causes mild cramps, bloating or constipation. Diverticulosis is often found through tests ordered for something else. For example, it is often found during a colonoscopy to screen for cancer. A high-fiber diet and mild pain reliever will often relieve symptoms.
If the pouches become inflamed or infected, you have a condition called diverticulitis. The most common symptom is abdominal pain, ⇒usually on the left side. You may also have fever, nausea, vomiting, chills, cramping, and constipation. In serious cases, diverticulitis can lead to bleeding, tears, or blockages. Your doctor will do a physical exam and imaging tests to diagnose it. Treatment may include antibiotics, pain relievers, and a liquid diet. A serious case may require a hospital stay or surgery.
- Diverticular disease diet when asymptomic?
- Acute Diverticulosis with inflammation recommended diet?
- Avoid anything that increases intra abdomenal pressure (2)
Diverticulosis can be managed but not cured
- High fiber diet
- Low fiber diet
- Enemas and heavy lifting
Diverticulosis
- Are colonscopy and barium enema contraindicated?
- Yes, for ACUTE stage can lead to perforation but in non acute stage a barium enema is diagnostic
Diverticulosis adm psyllium hydrophilic mucolloid (Metamucil) how to tell drug has been effective?
Pass stool without cramping
Client with diverticulitis develops peritonitis via rupture what should be assessed? (3)
- Percuss liver not lack of dullness due to air
- percuss abd note resonance and tympany due to air
- Auscultate bowel sounds should be absent
Polyphagia
Polyphagia or hyperphagia refers to excessive hunger or increased appetite.
Client with Appendicitis has a surgical wound drain can drain be irrigated?
surgical wound drains are not irrigated
Appendicitis main symptom and location
The appendix is a small, tube-like organ attached to the first part of the large intestine. It is located in the lower right part of the abdomen. It has no known function. A blockage inside of the appendix causes appendicitis. The blockage leads to increased pressure, problems with blood flow, and inflammation. If the blockage is not treated, the appendix can burst and spread infection into the abdomen. This causes a condition called peritonitis.
The main symptom is pain in the abdomen, often on the right side. It is usually sudden and gets worse over time.
Hernia
Also called: Enterocele
Location?
- Inguinal
- Umbilical
- Incisional
- Hiatal
- Congenital diaphragmatic
MedlinePlus
A hernia happens when part of an internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak area of muscle. Most hernias are in the abdomen.
There are several types of hernias, including
- Inguinal, in the groin. This is the the most common type.
- Umbilical, around the belly button
- Incisional, through a scar
- Hiatal, a small opening in the diaphragm that allows the upper part of the stomach to move up into the chest.
- Congenital diaphragmatic, a birth defect that needs surgery
Hernias are common. They can affect men, women, and children. A combination of muscle weakness and straining, such as with heavy lifting, might contribute. Some people are born with weak abdominal muscles and may be more likely to get a hernia.
Treatment is usually surgery to repair the opening in the muscle wall. Untreated hernias can cause pain and health problems.
Cardinal sign of peritonitis or perforated bowel is?
abdominal rigidity
- Inguinal Hernia repair male client discharge teaching include (3)
- Post-op monitor for complication (1)
- Apply ice to scrotum
- semi fowler position
- Change positions avoid coughing
Urine retention
Dehiscence
Wound dehiscence is the parting of the layers of a surgical wound. Either the surface layers separate or the whole wound splits open. This is a serious condition and requires care from your doctor.
Diverticulitis classic symptoms (3)
Other signs? (4)
Diverticulitis classic symptoms (3)
- LLQ Pain
- Fever
- Leukocytosis: A high number of WBCs is called leukocytosis.
Other s/s
- Diarrhea
- bloody stool
- nausea
- cramping
