Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Gi Micro (mostly diarrhea) > Flashcards

Gi Micro (mostly diarrhea) Flashcards

1
Q

Family: CMV

A

herpesvirus (HHV-5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DNA/RNA Structure: CMV

A

DS linear with envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment: CMV

A

ganciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

MOA: Ganciclovir

A

inhibits viral DNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Family: Norwalk

A

Caliciviruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DNA/RNA structure: Norwalk

A

SS positive-sense RNA virus (no envelope) - icosahedral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment: norwalk

A

supportive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Most common cause of adult gastroenteritis

A

norwalk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does norwalk resolve?

A

self-resolved in 12-24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Family: Rotavirus

A

reovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DNA/RNA structure: rotavirus

A

ds linear RNA virus, no envelope, double icosahedral capsid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Treatment: rotavirus

A

oral hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

most common cause of childhood diarrhea

A

rotavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Type of diarrhea produced: rotavirus

A

watery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Type of diarrhea produced: norwalk

A

watery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gram stain: b. cereus

A

gram positive rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reheated fried rice

A

b. cereus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment: b. cereus

A

none - self limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gram stain: c. jejuni

A

curved or S-shaped gram negative rod
oxidase +
grows at 42 degrees C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Type of diarrhea: c jejuni

A

invasive and secretory (dysentery with crypt abscesses)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do you get c. jejuni?

A

poultry, meat, unpasteurized milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment: c. jejuni

A

Erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

MOA: erythromycin

A

inhibits 50S ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Gram stain: c. difficile

A

gram positive rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Type of diarrhea: c. diff

A

secretory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Most common nosocomial diarrhea

A

c. diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Antibiotic induced diarrhea…

A

c. diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Toxin: C. diff

A

Toxin A (enterotoxin) - binds to brush border of gut

Toxin B (cytotoxin): causes cytoskeletal disruption via actin depolymerization (psuedomembranous colitis - diarrhea)

29
Q

Treatment: c. diff

A

metronidazole

30
Q

Gram stain: E. coli

A

gram negative rod, lactose fermenting, MacConkey Agar

31
Q

Most common cause of travelers diarrhea

A

ETEC

32
Q

Toxin: ETEC

A

LT and ST
LT: cAMP to increase Cl secretion in gut and H2O efflux
ST: cGMP: decreases NaCl and H2O resportion in the gut (labile in the air, stable on the ground)

33
Q

Type of diarrhea: ETEC

A

secretory diarrhea

34
Q

Treatment: ETEC

A

ciprofloxacin

35
Q

MOA: ciprofloxacin

A

DNA topoisomerase inhibitor (fluoroquinolone)

36
Q

Reservoir or O157:H7

A

undercooked beef/meat

37
Q

Toxin: O157:H7

A

shiga-like toxin - causes hemolytic-uremic

Inactivates 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

38
Q

What causes hemolytic uremic syndrome/what are the symptoms?

A

E coli (O157-h7) - triad of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure

39
Q

Treatment: E coli O157:H7

A

supportive care

40
Q

Gram stain: salmonella

A

gram negative rod, oxidase negative, facultative, intracellular, lactose non-fermenter
flagellar motility

41
Q

Reservoir for salmonella:

A

poultry and eggs

Many animal reservoirs

42
Q

Treatment: salmonella

A

ciprofloxacin

43
Q

Gram stain: shigella

A

gram negative rod

no flagella

44
Q

Toxin: shigella

A

shiga toxin
inactivates 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA
can also progress to hemolytic-uremic syndrome like EHEC

45
Q

Type of diarrhea: shigella

A

dystentery

46
Q

Children in day care centers are at risk of getting which bug?

A

shigella

47
Q

Treatment: shigella

A

if symptomatic, fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)

48
Q

Gram stain: staph aureus

A

gram positive cocci
catalase positive
coagulase positive

49
Q

Toxin: staph aureus

A

Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) - preformed

brings MHC II and TCR close to outside antigen to cause overwhelming release of IFN gamma and Il2 -shock

50
Q

Treatment: staph aureus

A

none, self-limited

51
Q

Gram stain: vibrio cholera

A

gram negative comma-shaped rod

oxidase +, grows in alkaline media

52
Q

Toxin: vibrio cholera

A

cholera toxin

stimulates adenylate cyclase in small bowel, permanently turns on Gs, increases cAMP

53
Q

type of diarrhea: vibreo cholera

A

secretory (rice-water)

54
Q

Treatment: vibreo cholera

A

prompt oral rehydration (need glucose and sodium in oral supplements)

55
Q

Reservoir: vibrio cholera

A

drinking contaminated water, eating contaminated seafood, especially crustacea

56
Q

Gram stain: yersinia enterocolitica

A

gram-negative coccobacillus with bipolar staining
facultative, intracellular (like salmonella)
lactose non-fermenter (like salmonella, shigella)
oxidase negative

57
Q

Treatment: yersinia enterocolitica

A

TMP-SMX

58
Q

MOA: TMP-SMX

A

blocks folate synthesis

59
Q

Type of diarrhea: entamoeba histolytica

A

dysentery (bloody diarrhea)

60
Q

Treatment: entamoeba

A

metronidazole

61
Q

MOA: metronidazole

A

damages dna with ROS

62
Q

Diarrhea with liver abscess

A

entamoeba

63
Q

Type of protozoa: entamoeba

A

amoeba (go figure)

64
Q

Type of protozoa: giardia

A

flagellate

65
Q

Most common cause of protoozoal diarrhea in US

A

giardia

66
Q

Treatment: giardia

A

metronidazole

67
Q

Type of diarrhea: giardia

A

steatorrhea, foul smelling, flatulence

68
Q

In secretory diarrhea, diarrheal fluid…

A

equals plasma osmolarity

69
Q

In osmotic diarrhea, diarrheal fluid…

A

is hypotonic (presence of osmotically active substance)

GI (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions