GI Meds Flashcards
Primaxin
Antibiotic - miscellaneous penicillin
Assess penicillin allergy
Watch: allergic reactions (rash, urticaria, pruritus, chills, wheezing, laryngeal edema, fever, joint pain; angioedema) -> epiNEPHrine, resuscitation equipment should be available for anaphylactic reaction
Monitor: seizure, severe diarrhea (w/ blood or pus - pseudomembranous colitis), bleeding, bruising, joint pain, vaginal itching furry tongue
Cytotec
Antiulcer - Prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers
NO: pregnancy, Aspirin, extreme temp. food, caffeine, alcohol, spices
Watch: hematemesis, occult or frank blood in stools, severe abdominal pain, cramping, severe diarrhea, menstrual disorders
Vasopressin (Pitressin)
Pituitary hormone - Promotes reabsorption of water by action on renal tubular epithelium (decreases urine output in DM); causes vasoconstriction on muscles in the GI system
NO: chronic nephritis, Pregnancy, breastfeeding, CAD, asthma, renal/vascular disease, migraines, seizures
Monitor: Monitor pulse, B/P, ECG
SE: nausea, congestion, cramps, headache, water intoxication in DM (lethargy, behavioral changes, disorientation, neuromuscular excitability)
Nitroglycerin
Coronary vasodilator, antianginal - decreases preload & afterload -> increases systemic BP + tissue perfusion
NO: alcohol, severe anemia, increased ICP, cerebral hemorrhage, closed-angle glaucoma, cardiac tamponade, cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis
Monitor: orthostatic B/P, pulse, pain, drug tolerance
SE: Headache, flushing, dizziness, Postural hypotension, tachycardia, collapse, syncope, palpitations
Lasix
Loop diuretic - Decreased edema in lung tissue, peripherally; decreased B/P
NO: Anuria, hypovolemia
Watch: hearing loss, F&E, hypokalemia (tachycardia, weak pulse; muscle weakness, altered LOC, drowsiness, apathy, lethargy, confusion, anorexia, nausea, cramps), hyponatremia (increased B/P, cold, clammy skin), hypovolemia (anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps; lethargy, increased ICP, confusion, headache, seizures, coma, fatigue, tremors, hyperreflexia), hyperchloremia (weakness, lethargy, coma; deep rapid breathing)
Serious rash: Monitor for skin rash often, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme may occur and is life-threatening
Morphine sulfate
Opioid analgesic - Moderate to severe pain
NO: addiction (opioid/alcohol), pregnancy, hemorrhage, bronchial asthma, increased ICP, paralytic ileus, hypovolemic shock, MAOI therapy
Monitor CNS changes: dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, euphoria, LOC, pupil reactions. Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria
**Assess respiratory depression, character, rate, rhythm; notify prescriber if respirations are <12/min
Zantac
H2 histamine receptor antagonist (H2 blocker) - Healing of duodenal ulcers or gastric ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, or heartburn
NO: alcohol, smoking,
Watch: coffee-grounds emesis, black tarry stools, abdominal pain, cramping, sore throat, rash, dizziness, confusion, or delirium report to prescriber immediately
Teach: Gynecomastia (breast enlargement in men) is reversible, take med at bedtime
Reglan
Cholinergic, antiemetic - Prevention of nausea, vomiting induced by chemotherapy, radiation; delayed gastric emptying, gastroesophageal reflux
Watch: Sedation, fatigue, restlessness, headache, sleeplessness, dystonia, dizziness, drowsiness, suicidal ideation, seizures, EPS, neuroleptic malignant syndrome; tardive dyskinesia (hyperthermia, change in B/P, pulse, tachycardia, sweating, rigidity, altered consciousness)
Iron sulfate (Ferrous Sulfate)
Hematinic - Prevention and correction of iron deficiency
NO: Sideroblastic anemia, thalassemia, hemosiderosis/hemochromatosis
**avoid use with blood transfusions (iron overload may occur), dairy products, calcium supplements, vit C
Watch: toxicity: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (green, then tarry stools) hematemesis, pallor, cyanosis, shock, coma
Pro-Banthine
Peptic ulcer, Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
NO: paralytic ileus, intestinal atony of elderly/debilitated pt, obstructive uropathy, toxic megacolon, GI obstruction
SE: Constipation, Dry mouth, Dry skin, Decreased sweating, Blurred vision, Sedation, Tachycardia, Dysphagia, Urinary retention
Pepto Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate)
Antidiarrheal/weak antacid - for travelers’ diarrhea
NO: pregnancy, breastfeeding, children
**Anticoagulants (oral): increased effect of anticoagulants
Quinolones: decreased absorption of quinolones
Salicylates: increased risk of salicylate toxicity
Watch: dehydration, F&E, Hearing loss, tinnitus, metallic taste, blue gums, black tongue (chew tabs)
GoLYTELY
Laxative solution - clean the bowel before colonoscopy, a barium x-ray, or other intestinal procedures.
NO: perforated bowel, a bowel obstruction, severe constipation, colitis, toxic megacolon
**Avoid eating + taking other medications, vitamins, or mineral supplements within 1 hour before drinking GoLYTELY
Watch: severe stomach pain or bloating; nausea, vomiting, headache, trouble drinking liquids, little or no urinating; or fever, severe diarrhea, rectal bleeding or bright red bowel movements.
Carafate
Antiulcer - Duodenal ulcer, oral mucositis, stomatitis after radiation of head and neck
SE: Dry mouth, constipation, bezoar (stones - critically ill patients)
Teach: take on empty stomach, report bloody stool, avoid antacids, milk alkalotics, water within 2 hr of the product
Aldactone
Potassium-sparing diuretic
NO: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, hypersensitivity, anuria, severe renal disease, hyperkalemia
Watch: F&E (Hypokalemia: assess for polyuria, polydipsia, dysrhythmias. • Hyperkalemia: weakness, fatigue, dyspnea, dysrhythmias, confusion)
cramps, diarrhea, lethargy, thirst, headache, skin rash, menstrual abnormalities, deepening voice, breast enlargement
Teach: take in AM (avoid nocturia), take with food or milk, avoid foods high in potassium should be avoided: oranges, bananas, salt substitutes, dried apricots, dates
Prevacid
Proton-pump inhibitor - Suppresses gastric secretion -> Reduction in gastric pain, swelling, fullness
NO: breastfeeding
Watch: Pseudomembranous colitis (bowel sounds q8hr, abdomen for pain, swelling, anorexia, blood in stool, cramping, fever)
**avoid alcohol, salicylates, ibuprofen
Pepcid
H2-histamine receptor antagonist, antiulcer agent
SE: Headache, dizziness, paresthesia, depression, anxiety, somnolence, insomnia, fever, Thrombocytopenia, aplastic anemia
***Renal impaired: seizures, Dysrhythmias, QT prolongation
NO: driving, aspirin, alcohol, smoking, extreme temp. food, caffeine, alcohol, spices,
Report diarrhea, black tarry stools, sore throat, rash, dizziness, confusion, or delirium
Creon
Digestant - Pancreatic enzyme -> Increases protein, fat, carbohydrate digestion
**Assess Allergy to pork. Allergic reactions: abdominal pain, cramping, or hematuria
SE: Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramping, bloating. Hyperuricuria, hyperuricemia
Watch: steatorrhea (signifies undigested fat content)
Teach: take with food, not to crush, chew product
Aciphex
PPI - Suppresses gastric secretion -> Reduction in gastric pain, swelling, fullness
Watch: C.difff colitis (CDAD), low magnesium level (tremors, muscle soreness, spasms, anxiety, change in heart rate, palpitations), Headache, dizziness, anorexia, abd pain, N&V
Report severe diarrhea, pregnancy, black, tarry stools,
NO alcohol, salicylates, NSAIDs
Use sunscreen, protective clothing to prevent burns
Amphojel
Antacid - Decreased acidity, healing of ulcers, decreased phosphate levels in chronic renal failure
NO allergic to aluminum
Watch: Constipation, anorexia, obstruction, fecal impaction, Hypophosphatemia (anorexia, weakness, fatigue, bone pain, hyperreflexia), hypercalciuria, hypomagnesemia, aluminum toxicity
Avoid phosphate-containing foods (most dairy products, eggs, fruits, carbonated beverages)
Report black tarry stool (normal: white, speckled)
Ursodiol
Gallstone dissolution agents - treat biliary cirrhosis production of cholesterol and by dissolving the cholesterol in bile to prevent stone formation
NO eso. varices pt, pregnancy, bile duct blockage
SE: diarrhea, constipation, indigestion, N&V, dizziness
Report: frequent urination or pain when urinating
Flagyl
Antibiotic
NO Pregnancy (1st trimester), breastfeeding
Watch: allergic reactions (rash, urticaria - hives, pruritus), overgrowth of infection (perineal itching, fever, malaise, redness, pain, swelling, drainage, rash, diarrhea, change in cough, sputum), severe diarrhea
Teach trichomoniasis patient that both partners need to be treated, dry mouth (use sips of water, sugarless gum, candy, normal: metallic taste, dark urine
Eliquis
Anticoagulant
NO aspirin, NSAID, warfarin, heparin, SSRIs, SNRIs
Watch: coffee ground vomits, severe bleeding, pink/red/brown urine, black tarry stool, Unexpected pain, swelling, or joint pain, Tingling, Numbness, Muscle weakness
Lactulose
Laxative - Decreased constipation, decreased blood ammonia level
SE: Nausea, vomiting, anorexia, cramping, rectal bleeding, Hepatic encephalopathy, electrolyte imbalances (muscle cramps, pain, weakness, dizziness, excessive thirst)
Xifaxan
Antibiotic - treat E. coli
NO allergic to rifamycins, diarrhea with fever, blood in stool, pregnancy (1st trimester)
Report: diarrhea persists for more than 24-48 hr
Take full course of med, without regard to food.
