GI Medications

Question 1

Overall purpose of GI system

Answer 1

Digest & absorb nutrients from foods and fluids ingested

Question 2

Gastric Glands

Answer 2

Glands in the stomach that is made up of many different cells

Question 3

Patietal Cells

Answer 3

Secrete HCl

• Includes proton pump
• Proton pump in the parietal cells pump H+ ions for creation of HCl

Question 4

Chief Cells

Answer 4

Secrete pepsinogen which becomes pepsin

For the digestion of proteins

Question 5

Mucoid cells

Answer 5

Secrete mucus to protect the lining of the stomach from acid

Question 6

What three substances stimulate the parietal cells?

Answer 6

1. acetycholine
2. histamine
3. gastrin

Question 7

Parasympathetic Nervous System on

GI system

Answer 7

“Rest & Digest”

Exerts an excitatory influence to increase digestive secretions and GI muscular activity

Question 8

Sympathetic Nervous System on

GI system

Answer 8

Fright, Fight, Flight

Exerts an inhibitory influence by depressing digestive secretions and GI muscular activity

Question 9

Antacids

Answer 9

Drugs that neutralize acid of the stomach

Question 10

Antacid action

Answer 10

Only work on acid already in the stomach

(Not on acid yet to be made by the parietal cells)

• Repeated doses may be necessary
• May also stimulate mucus production

Question 11

Effect of antacids on stomach

Answer 11

• Increase stomach pH
  
  • Stomach pH 1-2
  • Antacids pH change 3-4

Question 12

Antacids used for treatment of:

Answer 12

• Peptic ulcers
• Heartburn
• Gastritis
• Gastric hyperactivity
  
  • Decreases pain associated with hyperactivity

Question 13

Aluminum containing antacids

Answer 13

• S/E: constipation
• Caution w/ renal failure
• None that contain just aluminum

Question 14

Milk of Magnesia

Answer 14

• Magnesium contraining antacid
• S/E: diarrhea, flatulence
• Contraindicated with renal failure

Question 15

Tums

Answer 15

• Calcium containing antacid
• S/E: kidney stones, constipation & acid rebound

Question 16

Simethicone (Rolaids)

Answer 16

• Antiflatulent
• Taken with Tums for gas

Question 17

Baking Soda

Answer 17

• Sodium bicarbonate antacid
• S/E metabolic alkalosis

Question 18

Maalox

Mylanta

Answer 18

• Mixed with aluminum and magnesium antacids
• S/E: constipation & diarrhea (balances out)

Question 19

Usual antacid dose & time

Answer 19

• 30-60 mL
• Taken with water
• After meals & at bedtime (hs)

Question 20

Antacid considerations

Answer 20

• Suck don’t check tablets
• Don’t take with other meds
  
  • Decreases effectivenss of other meds
• Prematurely dissolves enteric coated medications

Question 21

H₂ Antagonist

Answer 21

Inhibits production of HCl

• Blocks Histamine 2 receptors on parietal cells
  
  • Making them less responsive to histamine, gastrin, acetylcholine
• 90% effective

Question 22

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

PO, QID, IV

Answer 22

• H₂ antagonist (inhibits HCl production)
• Uses: peptic ulcers, hyperactivity, gastic reflex (heartburn)
• S/E: Very safe but smoking decreases effectiveness

Question 23

Pepcid

Axid

Zantac

Answer 23

• Other H₂ Inhibitors
• BID

Question 24

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Answer 24

Newest class of drugs for acid disorders

• Inhibits the final step in the acid secretion of parietal cell
• Binds permanently w/ H⁺/K⁺ ATP base
• No pumping = no HCl
• Bocks all acid production

Question 25

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

Prevacid

Nexium

Pantoprazole (Protonix)*

Answer 25

• Proton pump inhibitor
• All are PO
• *Given IV, PO, or NG