GI Medications Flashcards
What is late PONV defined as?
6-24hr post emergence
What are patient risk factors for PONV?
female, non-smoker, hx of motion sickness, previous PONV
What are surgical risk factors for PONV?
Length of procedure, laparotomies, gynecologic surgery, laparoscopic, ENT, breast, and orthopedic surgeries.
What are anesthesia risk factors for PONV?
Inhaled agents, Nitrous Oxide, Neostigmine, Narcotics, Etomidate
Where is the vomiting center located?
Medulla Oblongata
What are the 4 areas involved with nausea and vomiting?
CTZ, Vestibular apparatus, thalamus/cerebral cortex (CNS), and GI tract
Which neurotransmitters work in the vestibular apparatus and what is the receptor?
Acetylcholine (M1 receptor), Histamine (H1 receptor)
Which neurotransmitters work in the CTZ and what is the receptor
Dopamine (D? receptors), Serotonin (5HT3), Substance P (NK), Acetylcholine (M1), Histamine (H1)
Which neurotransmitters work in the GI tract and what is the receptor
Acetylcholine (M1), Histamine (H1), Serotonin (5HT3), Substance P (NK), and mechanoreceptors
What ending do anticholinergics have and what is an example?
“ine”
ex: Scopolamine, Atropine
What ending do benzamides have and what is an example?
“ide”
Ex: Metaclopramide
What ending do benzodiazepines have and what is an example?
“azolam”
Ex midazolam
What ending do butrophenones have and what is an example?
“peridol”
Ex. Haloperidol, Droperidol
What ending do 5HT3 have and what is an example?
“tron”
Ex: Ondansetron
What ending do NK1 anatgonists have and what is an example?
“itant”
Ex. Aprepitant
What ending do phenothiazines have and what is an example?
“azine”
Ex: Promethazine
What is an example of a glucocorticoid?
Dexamethasone
What is an example of a Cannabinoid?
Dronabinol