GI Infections Pharmacology Flashcards
(36 cards)
what drugs are used to treat C. diff
Vancomycin (oral)
Fidaxomicin
What drugs are used to treat Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp, Shigella
Ciprofloxacin
Azithromycin
What drug class does vancomycin belong to
glycopeptides
what drug class does ciprofloxacin belong to
fluoroquinolones
What drug class do fidaxomicin & azithromycin belong to?
macrolides
What class of drugs is used to treat helminths and give examples
Benzimidazoles
- Albendazole
- Mebendazole
- Thiabendazole (cutaneous only)
What are the miscellaneous anthelmintics
Ivermectin
Nitazoxanide
Praziquantel
Pyrantel pamoate
What is the MOA of benzimidazoles
inhibition of microtubule polymerization via beta-tubulin binding
–Reduces glucose transport
Inhibition of mitochondrial fumarate reductase
– resulting in immobilization and death
What is the mechanism of action for Ivermectin?
Bind selectively and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels
Induces a hyperpolarization resulting in a tonic paralysis of the worms nerves musculature
–immobilization and death
What is an example of use for ivermectin
Strongyloides stercoralis
–w/albendazole for lymphatic filariasis
What is the mechanism of action of nitazoxanide
interferes with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme dependent electron transfer reaction
-essential to anaerobic energy metabolism
What is nitazoxanide used to treat
Cryptosporidium parvum
giardia lamblia
entamoeba histolytica
What is the mechanism of action of praziquantel
increases cell membrane permeability resulting in loss of intracellular calcium, massive contractions ending in paralysis
disintegration of schistosome tegument followed by attachment of phagocytes leading to death
Give examples of things praziquantel is used to treat
Schistosoma spp
Echinococcus granulosus (w/albendazole)
Taenia spp
Diphyllobothrium latum
What is the MOA of pyrantel pamoate
depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
Opens non-selective cation channels and induces a marked, persistent activation of nicotinic-acetylcholine receptors
Also inhibits cholinesterases
Give examples of what pyrantel pamoate treats
Enterobius vermicularis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ancylostoma spp
trichinella spiralis (adult form)
What are the GI focused Anti-protozoals
Paromomycin (aminoglycoside)
Metronidazole
Tinidazole
What is the MOA of paromomycin
unknown
What is paromomycin used to treat?
Entamoeba histolytica
diphyllobothrium latum
echinococcus granulosus
Schistosoma spp
What is the MOA of metronidazole and tinidazole
believe to be prodrug, disrupts DNA
What is treated with metronidazole and tinidazole
Entamoeba histolytica
giardia lamblia
C. diff
What is the mechanism of action of atovaquone
selectively interferes with mitochondrial electron transport and ATP/pyrimidine synthesis
What is the MOA of proguanil
inhibits bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase -thymidilate synthesis of plasmodia
What is the agent of choice for amebiasis
metronidazole followed by paromomycin
