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GI II > GI Infections Pharmacology > Flashcards

GI Infections Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

what drugs are used to treat C. diff

A

Vancomycin (oral)

Fidaxomicin

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2
Q

What drugs are used to treat Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp, Shigella

A

Ciprofloxacin

Azithromycin

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3
Q

What drug class does vancomycin belong to

A

glycopeptides

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4
Q

what drug class does ciprofloxacin belong to

A

fluoroquinolones

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5
Q

What drug class do fidaxomicin & azithromycin belong to?

A

macrolides

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6
Q

What class of drugs is used to treat helminths and give examples

A

Benzimidazoles

  • Albendazole
  • Mebendazole
  • Thiabendazole (cutaneous only)
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7
Q

What are the miscellaneous anthelmintics

A

Ivermectin
Nitazoxanide
Praziquantel
Pyrantel pamoate

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8
Q

What is the MOA of benzimidazoles

A

inhibition of microtubule polymerization via beta-tubulin binding
–Reduces glucose transport

Inhibition of mitochondrial fumarate reductase
– resulting in immobilization and death

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Ivermectin?

A

Bind selectively and with high affinity to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels

Induces a hyperpolarization resulting in a tonic paralysis of the worms nerves musculature
–immobilization and death

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10
Q

What is an example of use for ivermectin

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

–w/albendazole for lymphatic filariasis

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of nitazoxanide

A

interferes with pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) enzyme dependent electron transfer reaction
-essential to anaerobic energy metabolism

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12
Q

What is nitazoxanide used to treat

A

Cryptosporidium parvum
giardia lamblia
entamoeba histolytica

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of action of praziquantel

A

increases cell membrane permeability resulting in loss of intracellular calcium, massive contractions ending in paralysis

disintegration of schistosome tegument followed by attachment of phagocytes leading to death

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14
Q

Give examples of things praziquantel is used to treat

A

Schistosoma spp
Echinococcus granulosus (w/albendazole)
Taenia spp
Diphyllobothrium latum

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15
Q

What is the MOA of pyrantel pamoate

A

depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Opens non-selective cation channels and induces a marked, persistent activation of nicotinic-acetylcholine receptors

Also inhibits cholinesterases

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16
Q

Give examples of what pyrantel pamoate treats

A

Enterobius vermicularis
Ascaris lumbricoides
Ancylostoma spp
trichinella spiralis (adult form)

17
Q

What are the GI focused Anti-protozoals

A

Paromomycin (aminoglycoside)
Metronidazole
Tinidazole

18
Q

What is the MOA of paromomycin

A

unknown

19
Q

What is paromomycin used to treat?

A

Entamoeba histolytica
diphyllobothrium latum
echinococcus granulosus
Schistosoma spp

20
Q

What is the MOA of metronidazole and tinidazole

A

believe to be prodrug, disrupts DNA

21
Q

What is treated with metronidazole and tinidazole

A

Entamoeba histolytica
giardia lamblia
C. diff

22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of atovaquone

A

selectively interferes with mitochondrial electron transport and ATP/pyrimidine synthesis

23
Q

What is the MOA of proguanil

A

inhibits bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase -thymidilate synthesis of plasmodia

24
Q

What is the agent of choice for amebiasis

A

metronidazole followed by paromomycin

25
Q

What is the agent of choice for hookworm infections Ancylostoma spp and necator americanus

A

albendazole (mebendazole)

26
Q

What is the agent of choice for round worm infection ascaris lumbercoides

A

albendazole (mebendazole)

27
Q

What is the agent of choice for giardiasis infection

A

Metronidazole (tinidazole)

28
Q

What is the agent of choice for adult forms of tapeworms diphyllobothrium latum and taenia spp

A

praziquantel

29
Q

What is the agent of choice for larval tapeworm echinococcus granulosus and taenia solium

A

Albendazole + praziquantel

Albendazole

respectively

30
Q

What is the agent of choice when treating pinworm enterobius vermicularis infection

A

mebendazole (albendazole)

31
Q

What is the agent of choice when treating schistosoma spp

A

praziquantel (+roids for neuro disease)

32
Q

What is the agent of choice when treating threadworm strongyloides stercoralis

A

Ivermectin

33
Q

What is the agent of choice when treating whipworm trichuris trichiura

A

Mebendazole (albendazole)

34
Q

What is the agent of choice when treating trichinella spp.

A

albendazole (mebendazole) + steroids for sever disease

35
Q

What is the agent of choice for treating cryptosporidium spp

A

nitazoxanide

36
Q

What is the agent of choice for treating cyclospora cayetanensis

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ)

– Ciprofloxacin for sulfa allergies

GI II (16 decks)

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