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P3 Infectious Disease II > GI Infections- OBrien > Flashcards

GI Infections- OBrien Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common symptoms of GI infections?

A

Vomiting and diarrhea

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2
Q

T/F?

Vomiting and diarrhea are responsible for morbidity and mortality.

A

False

-dehydration which results from vomiting and diarrhea

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3
Q

What is diarrhea?

Increase in frequency of stools to ≥ 3 per day

A

Acute diarrhea

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4
Q

What is diarrhea?

Inflammation of the lining of the GI tract

A

Infectious diarrhea

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5
Q

What is diarrhea?

Diarrhea lasting between 14 and 30 days

A

Persistent diarrhea

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6
Q

T/F?

Younger patients are at higher risk for mortality.

A

False

-elderly

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7
Q

What groups are at risk for GI infections?

A
  • Travelers and campers
  • Patients in chronic care facilities
  • Military personnel overseas
  • Immunocompromised patients
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8
Q

What agents cause secretory diarrhea?

A
  • Norovirus (adults)
  • Rotavirus (children)
  • ETEC
  • Vibrio cholerae
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9
Q

What agents cause inflammatory diarrhea?

A
  • Shigella
  • Salmonella
  • Campylobacter
  • EHEC
  • C. difficile
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10
Q

What is the most common cause of Traveler’s diarrhea?

A
  • ETEC

- transmitted through food and water

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11
Q

What 2 pathogens produce toxins and shouldn’t be used w/ motility agents?

A
  • EHEC

- Shigella

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12
Q

In what type of diarrhea is associated Organisms cause altered movement of ions and water.

A

Secretory Diarrhea

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13
Q

How do organisms cause inflammatory diarrhea?

A

They adhere to the intestinal mucosa can cause cytokine release and inflammatory mediator release

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14
Q

Which type of diarrhea is associated with systemic toxicity (fever)?

A

Inflammation Diarrhea

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15
Q

Secretory Diarrhea

number of stools:?volume:?

A
  • less than 10 stools per day

- increased

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16
Q

T/F?

Secretory Diarrhea is more common than Inflammatory Diarrhea.

A

True

17
Q

Inflammatory Diarrhea

number of stools:?volume

A
  • > 10 stools

- smaller in volume

18
Q

Which type of diarrhea is associated with Shock, severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance?

A

Secretory Diarrhea

19
Q

Which type of diarrhea is associated with MILD dehydration, seizures, sepsis, and toxic megacolon.

A

Inflammatory Diarrhea

20
Q

Which type of diarrhea is associated with MANY fecal PMNs?

A

Inflammatory

21
Q

When is a stool culture indicated?

A
  • dysenteric diarrhea
  • diarrhea lasting for greater than 7 days
  • diarrhea where an outbreak is suspected
22
Q

What pathogens do the stool culture detect?

A

(CSS)

  • Camphylobacter
  • Salmonella
  • Shigella
23
Q

Cornerstone management of diarrhea?

A

Fluids- rehydration therapy

24
Q

What are the 2 types of rehydration therapy?

A
  • Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)- mild to moderate

- IV fluid therapy- severe

25
Q

Why are lactated ringer’s solution preferred for IV fluid therapy?

A

-it corrects acidosis and hypokalemia

26
Q

What rehydration therapy prevents dehydration and over-hydration?

A
  • ORT
27
Q

When is antimicrobial tx NOT recommended?

A
  • mild to moderate (viral infections)

- EHEC diarrhea

28
Q

When is antimicrobial tx recommended?

A
  • dysenteric (Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella)

- Traveler’s diarrhea

29
Q

Severity of Diarrhea

MILD

A
  • 3 or less stools/day

- no fever

30
Q

Severity of Diarrhea

MODERATE

A
  • 4 to 5 stools/day

- +/- fever

31
Q

Severity of Diarrhea

SEVERE

A
  • 6 or more stools/day
  • Fever (greater than 101 F)
  • blood or leukocytes present
32
Q

Ciprofloxacin is recommended for the tx of what pathogens? Duration?

A
  • ETEC (1 - 3 days)
  • Shigella (1- 3 days)
  • Salmonella (7-10 days)
33
Q

Azithromycin is used to treat what pathogen? duration?

A

Campylobacter

34
Q

Why are Atx NOT recommended for EHEC?

A
  • worsened outcomes

- Antibiotics may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome [HUS] by increasing the production of Shiga-like toxin

35
Q

T/F?

EHEC culture must be requested.

A

true

36
Q

What are the 2 anti-motility agents used to treat diarrhea?

A
  • Loperamide

- bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol)

37
Q

Which motility agent can’t be used in children why?

A
  • reye’s syndrome w/ salicylates
38
Q

Which GI infection agent has a vaccine for prevention?

A

-Rotavirus vaccine for infants beginning at age 2 months

P3 Infectious Disease II (5 decks)

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