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P3 Infectious Disease II > Exam 2: Antiretroviral -Part 1- Moniri > Flashcards

Exam 2: Antiretroviral -Part 1- Moniri Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the family that HIV belongs to?

A

Retroviridae

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of viruses you can have?

A

DNA or RNA

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3
Q

What type of virus is HIV?

A

retro-RNA

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4
Q

How are HIV proteins made?

A

vRNA PLUS RT –> vDNA –> mRNA –> proteins

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5
Q

The key enzyme needed to covert vRNA to vDNA is _______?

A

-reverses transcriptase

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6
Q

What are the 2 main Retroviridae that can infect humans?

A

HIV

HTLV- oncogenic

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7
Q

What is the hallmark of HIV infection?

A
  • the depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes leading to IMDef

the higher the titer the lower the CD4+ cells will be

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8
Q

What cells have CD4+?

A

T-cells, monocytes, macrophages

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9
Q

How can HIV be transmitted?

A
  • blood
  • vaginal fluid
  • Cowper’s fluid
  • breast milk
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10
Q

What are the 3 major routes of infection?

A
  • sexual contact***
  • contaminated blood supplies (needles)
  • mother-baby
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11
Q

Are CD8+ cells infected?

A

No, they just can’t kill b/c there are no CD4+ to direct them.

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12
Q

T/F?

IMMATURE T-cells express CD4+.

A

False

-MATURE

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13
Q

Add pathophys

A

Add pathophys

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14
Q

What does the nucleocapsid hold?

A

it encapsulates the nuclear material (RNA-virus)

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15
Q

HIV encodes for what 3 main genes?

A

pol, gag, env

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16
Q

What does pol give rise to?

A
  • RT
  • Intergrase
  • Protease
17
Q

What does gag give rise to?

A
  • structural pieces of the virus including the nucleocapsid proteins
18
Q

What does env give rise to?

A
  • gp160 ligand

- gp41 (stalk) + gp120 (head)

19
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for converting vRNA to vDNA?

A

-RT

20
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for combing vDNA with host DNA?

A

-Integrase

21
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for cutting the polypeptide proteins?

A

-Protease

22
Q

HIV-1 vs. HIV-2
location?
virulent?

A
  • HIV-2 (west Africa)

- HIV-1 (most virulent)

23
Q

What antibodies are produced after 1-2 months of being infected and is used for detection in bodily fluids?

A
  • gp24-nucelocapsid protein (inconsistent-follows the viral load)
  • gp41 (consistent)
24
Q

What antibody can only be used to detect early transmission or prior to latency phase?

A

-gp24

25
Q

What is Kaposi Sarcoma?

A

oncogenic cancer causing virus that infects aids patients b/c their body can’t respond.

26
Q

What binds CD4-Receptors and cause a confirmational change?

A 
gp160 ligand (gp41/gp120)
- this is a HIGH affinity interaction
27
Q

What happens as a result of the confirmational change caused by gp160 binding to CD4-R?

A

This drives the virus to interact w/ GPCRs (CCR5/CXCR4) on the surface of T-cells

28
Q

What is another name for the GPCRs?

A

co-receptors for HIV entry

29
Q

How do GPCRs affect the affinity of the virus for the cell?

A

it causes a 100-1,000 fold increase to affinity of the virus for the cell

30
Q

Name the 3 types of Tropism?

A
  • CCR5 tropic
  • CXCR4 tropic
  • MIXED tropic
31
Q

What happens after the GPCRs interact w/ the virus?

A

The viral nucleocapsid then enters the cell

32
Q

What translates the vmRNA into a polyprotein?

A

The endoplasmic reticulum of this T-cells

33
Q

______ is responsible for cleavage of polyprotein into fxn proteins?

A

Protease

34
Q

How is a mature virion formed?

A

immature virion (no envelope) goes to the cell surface of T-cell to bud out of plasma membrane and it makes the PM w/ it.. forming an envelope and a now MATURE virion.

35
Q

What determines the clinical benefit of HIV Tx?

A

the magnitude of plasma HIV RNA suppression

36
Q

What is the major cause of therapy failure and death?

A

lack of adherence to the regimen

37
Q

What leads to resistance in HIV Tx?

A

-HIV RT lacks the 3’ exonuclease activity needed to correct transcriptions errors that present as mutations

P3 Infectious Disease II (5 decks)

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