Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > GI Imaging > Flashcards

GI Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

How do patients commonly present with Cholecystitis/Biliary Colic?

A
  • RUQ pain
  • often exacerbated by eating
    +/- deranged LFTs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the first line investigation for Cholecystitis/Biliary Colic?

A

Ultrasound (US)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can be visualised on an ultrasound for cholecystitis/ biliary colic?

A
  • gallstones

- dilated common bile duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What investigation can be used for further classification of cholecystitis/ biliary colic?

A
  • MRCP &/or ERCP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do patients present with pancreatitis?

A
  • Epigastric/Diffuse abdominal pain
  • Elevated serum Amylase
  • often caused by gallstones or alcohol, so pt may have symptoms of this
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When would an ultrasound be useful in investigating pancreatitis?

A
  • to visualise gallstones +/- biliary obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is imaging used in pancreatitis?

A
  • to evaluate how severe any complications are
  • Complications could be:
  • Necrosis
  • Intra-abdominal collections
  • Vascular complications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of imaging is used to visualise pancreatitis complications and when?

A
  • CT with contrast

- Best performed around 1 week following onset of symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do patients present with a suspected bowel perforation?

A
  • Pain
  • this is dependant on site of perforation
  • May be localised or generalised peritonism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the first line investigation if you suspect a perforation in a patient, and what does this investigation show?

A

First line investigation = ERECT chest x-ray

- shows free gas under diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What other investigation may be used in bowel perforation to look for complications?

A

CT

  • may help show source of perforation
  • may show intra-peritoneal collections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do patients normally present with appendicitis?

A
  • Central abdominal pain
  • Later localising in RIF
  • May be associated with fever & elevated inflammatory markers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What differential diagnosis should be considered in females presenting with symptoms of appedicitis?

A
  • gynaecological causes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What investigation is first line if you suspect appendicitis?

A

First line investigation = ultrasound

- this will either confirm diagnosis OR help to find alternative cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What may be seen on an ultrasound if a patient has appendicitis?

A
  • distended appendix

- Calcified appendicolith

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do patients normally present with diverticulitis?

A
  • Lower abdominal pain (classically LIF)
  • Associated diarrhoea +/- PR bleeding
  • Elevated inflammatory markers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What investigation is used for diverticulitis and why?

A
  • CT

- shows inflammation and any complications

18
Q

What symptoms would make you consider urinary causes alongside GI causes?

A
  • associated urinary symptoms (frequency, urgency, dysuria etc.)
  • haematuria
19
Q

What symptoms would make you consider a vascular cause rather than GI?

A
  • sudden onset symptoms
  • back pain
  • hypotension/ feeling faint
20
Q

If a patient presents with a distended abdomen suggestive of bowel gas or fluid, what investigation should be done first?

A
  • If thought to be GAS => 1st line = AXR

- If thought to be fluid => 1st line = US`

21
Q

HOw can you tell the difference on an AXR between dilated loops of small bowel and dilated loops of large bowel?

A
  • small bowel has valvulae conniventes that cross the entire diameter of the wall
  • haustra on the large bowel do NOT cross the diameter of the bowel
22
Q

What are the three types of bowel obstruction that may cause a build up of gas in the bowel?

A
  • Small bowel obstruction
  • Ileus
  • Large Bowel obstruction
23
Q

Where can haematemesis arise from? What are the main causes?

A
  • May arise from oesophagus, stomach or duodenum
  • Possible causes are:
    => Tumour
    => Inflammation
    => Trauma
    => Vascular causes eg Varices
24
Q

How is haematemesis investigated? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this procedure?

A
  • Endoscopy
  • Adv = allows intervention/ biopsy during procedure
  • Disadv = invasive
25
Q

What other investigation can be used for haematemesis (or lower GI bleed) whilst the patient is still bleeding?

A
  • CT with IV contrast (NO oral contrast)

+/- angiography & intervention

26
Q

Where can dysphagia originate? What is it caused by?

A
  • Originates anywhere in pharynx / oesophagus / stomach
  • Caused by:
    - inflammation
    • tumour
    • extrinsic compression
      - benign lesion
27
Q

How is dysphagia normally investigated?

A
  • endoscopy
28
Q

What other investigation can be used to assess dysphagia, particularly if patients arent suitable for an endoscopy?

A
  • Fluoroscopic studies to assess oesophagus
  • Barium or water soluble contrast
  • Show FUNCTIONAL as well as ANATOMICAL / PATHOLOGICAL information
29
Q

What symptoms all come under the heading “change in bowel habit”?

A
  • increased/decreased frequency
  • change in form (Bristol Stool Chart)
  • PR bleeding
  • PR mucous
30
Q

What is the first investigation that should be completed after a history which explains a change in bowel habit?

A
  • PR examination
31
Q

What radiological investigations can be used in a change of bowel habit?

A
  • Barium enema (cheap and avilable, but misses 1/5 cancers)

- CT virtual Colonography (more expensive and higher radiation dose)

32
Q

Why are radiological investigations used for a change in bowel habit?

A

They visualise further along the colon than a flexible sigmoidoscopy

33
Q

If a patient is thought to potentially have IBD, what investigations are often used?

A
  • Sigmoid/Colonoscopy
  • If small bowel disease suspected then Fluoroscopic contrast studies
    => These may show strictures/ wall thickening/ fistulae
34
Q

Where do strictures commonly occur in the small bowel? I.e. where should you pay extra attention to on the fluoroscopic studies?

A

Terminal Ileum

35
Q

What scan can be used to assess if areas of inflammatory bowel disease are active?

A

Radio-labelled White Cell Scan

  • localises active inflammation
  • Liver, Spleen and Bladder normally have high uptake (appear black) whereas bowel appears white with low uptake
  • If colon appears black/ patchy, this indicates active inflammation
36
Q

What is the main purpose of using radiological investigations in jaundiced patients?

A
  • to determine HEPATIC vs POST-HEPATIC causes
37
Q

What is the first line investigation for jaundice?

A
  • US
  • Easily identifies dilated intra and/or extra-hepatic biliary tree
  • Less reliable at identifying cause
38
Q

What is used to further investigate jaundice after a patient has had an ultrasound?

A

MRCP +/- ERCP

39
Q

What is the main advantage of an MRCP/ERCP?

A
  • any calculus or obstruction in bile ducts can be removed or stented at the time of ERCP
40
Q

How do liver metastases appear on US?

A
  • Multiple hypoechoic, but solid liver lesions
  • Varying sizes
  • Some with a ‘target’ appearance
41
Q

If metastases are found in the liver, what radiological investigation is done next and why?

A
  • CT

- to find primary lesion if unknown

GI (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions