GI II

Question 1

The pancreas is a large ‘compound gland’, responsible for? located?

• digestive enzymes secreted by___, with sodium bicarbonate secreted by ___.
• combined enzymes and NaHCO3- flow into __duct, enters duodenum through ___, (through Sphincter of Oddi).

Answer 1

The pancreas is a large ‘compound gland’, responsible for producing many digestive secretions (which we’ll discuss today), as well as others such as insulin.

• lies parallel & beneath the stomach
• digestive enzymes secreted by pancreatic acinin, with sodium bicarbonate secreted by ducts leading to acini
• combined enzymes and NaHCO3- flow into hepatic duct, enters duodenum through Papilla of Vater, through Sphincter of Oddi.

Question 2

Pancreatic Secretions: Which body part does the following: secretes digestive enzymes, bicarbonate into pancreatic duct, which joins hepatic duct prior to emptying into duodenum at Papilla of Vater/Sphincter of Oddi. Pancreatic secretion has multiple enzymes for digesting all of the three types of foods- proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Also lots of HCO3-. Secretions are released in response to what?
What is the function for each digestion enzyme:
for proteins: __- splits proteins into peptides. This is most abundant of protein enzymes. ___- splits proteins into peptides. ___- reduces peptides into amino acids
Enzymes for carbohydrates: ___hydrolyzes starches, glycogen, other carbs into disaccharides, trisaccharides.
Enzymes for fats: ___- hydrolyzes fat into fatty acids, monogylcerides. ___ – hydrolysis of cholesterol esters. ___- splits fatty acids from phospholipids.

Answer 2

Pancreatic Secretions: Pancreatic acini secretes digestive enzymes, bicarbonate into pancreatic duct, which joins hepatic duct prior to emptying into duodenum at Papilla of Vater/Sphincter of Oddi. Pancreatic secretion has multiple enzymes for digesting all of the three types of foods- proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. Also lots of HCO3-. Secretions are released in response to chyme in upper small intestine (SI).
-Enzymes for proteins: trypsin- splits proteins into peptides. This is most abundant of protein enzymes.
chymotrypsin- splits proteins into peptides.
carboxylpeptidase- reduces peptides into amino acids.
Enzymes for carbohydrates: pancreatic amylase- hydrolyzes starches, glycogen, other carbs into disaccharides, trisaccharides.
Enzymes for fats: pancreatic lipase- hydrolyzes fat into fatty acids, monogylcerides.
cholesterol esterase – hydrolysis of cholesterol esters.
phopholipase- splits fatty acids from phospholipids.

Question 3

Proteolytic enzyemes are released in ‘inactive forms’, they’re activated in __. What if duct is blocked?
Trysinogen form is released, converted by __ to trypsin.
Tryspin activates __and ____.
Secretion stimulated by Ach from parasympathetic system, secretion of holecytokinin from __ and secretin from ___, also follows “phases” like stomach.

Answer 3

Proteolytic enzyemes are released in ‘inactive forms’, activated in intestine. If duct is blocked (or other problems), enzymes can pool in pancreas and attack tissues, can lead to acute pancreatitis..
Trysinogen is form released, converted by enterokinase to trypsin.
Tryspin activates chymotrypsin and carboxylpeptidase.
Secretion stimulated by Ach from parasympathetic system, Cholecytokinin from SI, Secretin from SI, also follows “phases” like stomach.